Project Definition Study

Conduct a project definition study to discover which of the many possible solutions will be the most suitable. 

Report of the Project Definition Study on the Nitrogen Detector System, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada, July 1992. 

In 1998, DSTO supported the Project Definition Study (PDS) (Phase 2) for Land 125 (Hobbs and Chalmers, 2003) to further refine the project scope and to develop the supporting data to allow higher-level cost-benefit tradeoffs to be made. The DSTO recommendation in 1998 was not to acquire an Integrated Soldier System, as the technology was not considered sufficiently advanced. The report proposed a preferred path for SCS development as an incremental development involving a number of model-test-model cycles in order to fully understand the requirements for an optimised soldier combat system prior to Phase 3 of the project. 

Hobbs, W. and Chahners, G. (2003). LOD support to the DGLD capability forum, submission for project WUNDURRA Project definition study. General Document DSTO-GD-0354, DSTO, Australia. 

In periods of high inflation, the results of various estimates and accuracy may overlap. At such times, four categories may be more suitable, namely, study, prehminary definitive, and detailed categories. At present, some conmanies employing the front-end loading (PEL) process for project definition and execution use three categories ... 

The assessment of validity of the methods concentrates on the project-level studies of Hansen (175) and DiMasi (109) for two reasons. First, the DiMasi study offers the most recent estimate which industry representatives and others have quoted widely as the definitive estimate of research costs (325). Second, the other studies based on aggregate R D expenditures draw from the project-level analyses of Hansen and DiMasi for estimates of the time profile of development and are therefore partially dependent on them. 

However, unlike project work, studies are usually commenced without a definite plant design concept and construction plan these are subject to change, and the essential requirement is to find the most suitable concepts and plans which will become the basis for the detailed project designs, budgets, and schedules. Inevitably the plant design is developed in a series of iterations. Initially, relatively broad concepts are explored, and possible innovations are introduced. Some concepts, for example materials handling system, layout, or site location, may be quickly rejected, while others may need more detailed comparison to arrive at the best choice. The phases of initial conceptual development, and of more detailed design and evaluation, are often formally split into... 

For the Berry phase, we shall quote a definition given in [164] ""The phase that can be acquired by a state moving adiabatically (slowly) around a closed path in the parameter space of the system. There is a further, somewhat more general phase, that appears in any cyclic motion, not necessarily slow in the Hilbert space, which is the Aharonov-Anandan phase [10]. Other developments and applications are abundant. An interim summai was published in 1990 [78]. A further, more up-to-date summary, especially on progress in experimental developments, is much needed. (In Section IV we list some publications that report on the experimental determinations of the Berry phase.) Regarding theoretical advances, we note (in a somewhat subjective and selective mode) some clarifications regarding parallel transport, e.g., [165], This paper discusses the projective Hilbert space and its metric (the Fubini-Study metric). The projective Hilbert space arises from the Hilbert space of the electronic manifold by the removal of the overall phase and is therefore a central geometrical concept in any treatment of the component phases, such as this chapter. 

The primaiy goal in performing a HAZOP study is to identify, not analyze or quantify, the hazards in a process. The end product of a study is a hst of concerns and recommendations for prevention of the problem, not an analysis of the occurrence, frequency, overall effects, and the definite solution. If HAZOP is started too late in a project, it can lose effectiveness because ... 

Let be a vector bundle of rank r on a smooth projective variety X. Now we want to study the vector bundles (P) from definition 3.2.6. For this purpose we first consider the bundles Ei on the Hilbert scheme X. We can associate in a natural way to each section sof a section sj of Ei and thus also a section (s)JJ, of... 

GPA research is proposed, financed, and conducted on an individual project basis. The GPA research strategy is normally to measure only sufficient data to allow parameter determination in models. GPA seldom attempts definitive system studies. GPA research is directed by an Enthalpy Steering Committee and a Phase Equilibrium Committee. Dr. L. D. Wiener chairs the Enthalpy Committee. Dr. K. H. Kiigren chairs the Equilibrium Committee. Both committees are divisions of Technical Section F chaired by M. A. 

Early work with sulfur dioxide showed a linear relationship between visible injury and reduction in yield for many crop species. The assessment was made that no reduction in yield would be found unless visible injury were noted. Definitive research with ozone, other oxidants, or mixtures of these pollutants with other gases has not been done. Thus, we do not know whether such relationships between visible injury and yield hold for the oxidants, but data in Table 11-3 suggest that for acute exposures there may be good correlations between injury and yield reductions. Many researchers have hypothesized that the oxidants may have an effect on plants that will produce a yield reduction with little or no visible injury. Such studies need to be designed in a more defmitive manner before it is concluded that yield reductions without visible symptoms are clearly acceptable. Projections of yield losses have made use of some of the data reported earlier. ... 

US-NTP. 2007. Study results and research projects website, definition of carcinogenicity results. http //ntp. niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm objectid = 07027D0E-E5CB-050E-027371D9CC0AAACF... 

These case studies are an attempt to demonstrate the complexity of the commercialisation of biocatalytic (biotransformations/bioprocessing) processes, and to compare the technical and business factors that all contribute to the success or failure of particular biocatalysis-based industrial projects. This chapter is definitely not a straightforward review of the science involved, such information is mostly readily available from other pnblished sonrces. Instead, in each example some background information has been given, and then important technical and commercial factors that have influenced the snccess or futnre of the prodnct in the market place are highlighted. Examples are inclnded that ... 

Appendix B reviews some important animal studies of cholinesterase reactivator chemicals. The extensive literature reviewed offers little definitive information with which to project possible long-term effects or delayed sequelae in human subjects tested at Edgewood. These compounds have a short biologic half-life of 1 to 3 h. However, no chronic studies were found. Consequently, the carcinogenic potential of cholinesterase reactivators remains... 

The present paper is based on the author s study (1) funded by the U. S. Bureau of Mines which, however, is not responsible for the views expressed or the conclusions reached. The time element has been subdivided into three discrete points and a period. The points include current output levels, for use as a base line, 1985 and 1990. The period encompasses the decade from 1990. This reflects the increasing unreliability of the estimates as the projection is extended. Because sulfur markets tend to be discrete and sulfur sources tend to be geographically differentiated regional supply projections are required. The definition chosen here is the Petroleum Administration for Defense districts. [These are defined as I - Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. II - Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. 

Since a complex scalar product resembles the EucUdean dot product in its form and definition, we can use our intuition about perpendicularity in the Euclidean three-space we inhabit to study complex scalar product spaces. However, we must be aware of two important differences. Eirst, we are dealing with complex scalars rather than real scalars. Second, we are often dealing with infinite-dimensional spaces. It is easy to underestimate the trouble that infinite dimensions can cause. If this section seems unduly technical (especially the introduction to orthogonal projections), it is because we are careful to avoid the infinite-dimensional traps. 

The definition and construction of the Hilbert schemes, carried out in section 7, can be extended quite easily to yield more general "universal" objects which arise very naturally in the study of families of projective schemes. In this section we will discuss some of these objects. We will define the corresponding functors first, and then we will prove that they are representable. 

---