Project-based industries

The very nature of construction work has inevitably created a project-based industry, where temporary project teams are formed on the construction sites. The workforce comes together for the... 

This approach demands reassessment of the design requirements for particular projects. Particularly useful in project-based industries, the aim is to focus on manufacturing issues at an early stage in the design cycle. 

This technique aims to develop solutions fitted to client need. It requires that firms closely monitor the costs of each aspect of a project, providing an important check, particularly within project-based industries. 

There was a somewhat lower percentage for operational effectiveness objectives in the project-based industries Aerospace (67%), Publishing (100%), Transport Equipment (72%), Construction (68%), IT Solutions (78%), Oil Gas (54%), Media Entertainment (29%) and Tourism Leisure (45%). Part of the reason for the lower scores in the project-based industries may well be because in these types of environment there is a need to find unique product offerings to provide differentiation. It is interesting in this regard to note that many of the project-based industries sectors recorded reasonable scores for the strategic objective of finding unique products Aerospace (20%), Transport Equipment (915), Construction (20%), IT Solutions (12%), Oil Gas (11%), Media Entertainment (36%) and Tourism Leisure (10%). 

The reason for this was because it was felt, initially, that process-based industries would tend to have higher tool and technique usage requirements than project-based industries, and that manufacturing industries would also tend to have more need than service base industries, with combined industries somewhere in between. The rationale here was that manufacturing and process-based industries would tend to need more routinised and standardised approaches to business that would favour tool and technique usage across all four functions. On the other hand it was hypothesised that project-based and services related industries, with a more ad-hoc and less routinised approach to business, would use tools and techniques much less across all of the four functions. 

These case studies are an attempt to demonstrate the complexity of the commercialisation of biocatalytic (biotransformations/bioprocessing) processes, and to compare the technical and business factors that all contribute to the success or failure of particular biocatalysis-based industrial projects. This chapter is definitely not a straightforward review of the science involved, such information is mostly readily available from other pnblished sonrces. Instead, in each example some background information has been given, and then important technical and commercial factors that have influenced the snccess or futnre of the prodnct in the market place are highlighted. Examples are inclnded that ... 

As integrated conservation and development projects, the long-term evaluation of this Program will depend on how successful the projects are in demonstrating the economic value of biodiversity in providing new pharmaceuticals and sustainable natural products-based industries for the participating developing countries. 

However when the final proposal was presented to the Cabinet subcommittee separate projections based an industry survey were juxtaposed with the consultants projections and were the cause of substantial concern that the recommended allocation of 96.5% was in fact substantially less than this. The final government decision was therefore to increase the total quantity to be allocated to 22.5 million per year. 

The section is organized as follows In Subsect. 7.2.2, three application areas are described which could benefit from a comprehensive information base on top of PlantXML. Subsection 7.2.3 sketches the information model required for such an information base. In Subsect. 7.2.4, the implementation strategy of the transfer project, based on semantic technologies, is discussed. Subsections 7.2.5 and 7.2.6 are about the project s contribution to scientific progress and industrial practice, respectively. 

Federal policies affecting R D obviously affect the U, S.-based industry, but their influence on the relative competitiveness of the U.S.-based industry is much more difficult to predict. Most of the U.S. Federal policies in place today that affect drug R D are neutral with respect to the drug s country of origin. Whether the United States should adopt policies that explicitly encourage U.S.-based R D or manufacturing is beyond the scope of this project.2... 

Cost is only one of several restrictions on the use of these techniques. The problem of obtaining satisfactory industry statistics can be a major hurdle in monitoring sales through market share analysis or the sales budget. A resin manufacturer who sells most of his product to custom molders may find an end-use pattern that shifts markedly from year to year. In such a case, projections based on end use patterns can become meaningless. Even obtaining usable data from within the organization is beset with difficulties. 

The need for high temperature materials that can operate with no or limited oxidation or ablation at temperatures greater than 3000K has driven the development of UHTC materials. The potential applications for UHTCs span a wide number of needs arising from future military, industrial and space based projects. Potential industrial applications for UHTCs include use in foundry or refractory processing of materials. Their chemical inertness makes them ideal for molten metal crucibles, thermowell tubes for steel refining and as parts for electrical devices such as heaters and igniters. ... 

This paper is based upon work undertaken within the Industrial Biosafety Project based at Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) and CAMR, Porton Down. Funding from the following sources is gratefully acknowledged the UK Department of Trade and Industry, Public Health Laboratory Service, Health and Safety Executive, and Project Members. Further details on the Industrial Biosafety Project are available from the author. WSL has since merged with AEA Technology, Harwell from where IBP now operates. 

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