Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Profits industry sales

Profit from sales should rise more rapidly than costs (Figure 12-11). If all is well, the two become equal at some number of units sold (the breakeven point). With our figures this is at 170 million matchboxes per year. Above this value the firm will make a profit on matchboxes. The difference between sales and cost is the profit before tax. We must say that our figures look too good making boxes of matches is a mature industry, where profit margins are probably quite low. [Pg.133]

In order to avoid the costs that are associated with the use of these techniques by a multiproduct firm, monitoring should be limited to only those products which make the major contributions to profit. In the chemical industry, a handful of products may often contribute 75% of the profits. The sales of these products are candidates for monitoring by Market Research. The other products, of which there might be many, are sold either for the sake of customer convenience, by-product utilization, or new product development. Only in special cases would Market Research monitor the sales of such products. Use of these techniques for any product must be guided by the results one is trying to achieve in terms of the added expense. [Pg.94]

In 1998, fabrication industry sales were nearly 750 million (American Galvaniz-ers Association, Personal communication, Apr. 2000.). The profitability of galvanizing is directly tied to the price of zinc that remained fairly steady at 1.06-1.15/kg over the past 10 years. The improved efficiencies have offset the rising material/labor costs. [Pg.213]

The market for tar-based road binders has declined considerably for a variety of reasons. Less cmde tar is available and the profits from the sales of electrode pitch and wood-preservation creosote or creosote as carbon-black feedstock are higher than those from road tar. In most industrial countries, road constmction in more recent years has been concentrated on high speed motorways. Concrete, petroleum bitumen, or lake asphalt are used in the constmction of these motorways. In the United Kingdom, for example, the use of tar products in road making and maintenance had fallen from 330,000 t in 1960 to 100,000 t in 1975 and is less than 100 t in 1994, mainly based on low temperature pitch which is not suitable for electrode or briquetting binders, but which is perfectly satisfactory as the basis for road binders. [Pg.349]

The use of lime or other alkaline substances to neutralize acid is quite costly, especially when large capacities are involved. Also there are potential values in the acids and ferrous ion, and therefore, recovery of these substances will not only reduce the pollution load, but their sale or reuse will represent a profit to the industry. [Pg.1195]

The distortions that patents provoke were reviewed recently by Kremer.14 Monopoly prices create both static and dynamic distortions. On the one hand, some consumers will not be able to pay prices that are fixed above the marginal cost in order to recover the investment in R D. On the other hand, potential investors will not necessarily take the consumer surplus into account when they decide to carry out research projects. The value of a patent - and in this case of a pharmaceutical - may be very different for different consumers, but price discrimination is impossible. The industry may shelve certain projects owing to the lack of a satisfactory return, because of the difficulty of price discrimination. Kremer even claims that the welfare loss due to monopoly prices is in the region of a quarter of the sum of the profits and the consumer surplus. Other authors, such as Giiell and Fischbaum,15 estimate welfare loss as being around 60 per cent of the sales figure. [Pg.27]

Another modern trend is the increased sale of filled rolls and prepacked sandwiches. The sale of filled rolls provides many small bakers with a very satisfactory source of profit. The manufacture of pre-packed sandwiches is now a large industry, consuming large quantities of bread. Such sales growth is obviously caused by a population that is short of time rather than money. [Pg.3]

Commodity-related models focus on demand volatility and uncertainty in volumes and prices as with sales quantity flexibility. Several authors proposed models to handle demand uncertainty in general focusing on quantities (Cheng et al. 2003 Gupta/Maranas 2003 Cheng et al. 2004 Chen/Lee 2004). Uncertainty is reflected by demand quantity scenarios and/or probabilities. Proposed models maximize expected or robust profit. Process industry-specific models use simulation to address demand uncertainty and to determine optimal inventory levels (Jung et al. 2004). [Pg.128]

Linear recipe functions are one form found in industry. Of course, other forms of recipe functions are possible depending on the consumption pattern analyzed for a specific process. Variable recipe functions have critical importance in value chain planning and for the profitability, since increased raw material consumption rates can squeeze assumed profitability thanks to high sales volumes due to higher raw material consumption costs. [Pg.194]

Solution times are sufficiently fast to be applied in tactical planning where no real time response times are required. Secondly, value results are presented. All value results are indexed focusing on comparing results and to ensure confidentiality of industry data. Initially, the value plan with total profits and single values in sales, distribution, production and procurement is analyzed. [Pg.216]

The model has been evaluated by means of a global commodity industry case. The evaluation proved the importance of value chain planning to integrate volume and value decisions from sales to procurement exchange rate, sales and raw material price and elasticity scenarios have key influences on total profit and volume planning decisions within the global value chain network. [Pg.258]

Detroit s electric cars have a shaky history since the market can change rapidly in the automobile industry, which is dependent on long lead times for new models. In 1975, when memories of the oil embargo were fresh, Detroit s cars were still growing in size, but it was a record sales year for the Volkswagen Beetle and sales of Toyotas and Hondas reached 100,000 that year. GM s profits dropped 35% and the company had to temporarily close 15 of its 22 assembly plants. [Pg.265]


See other pages where Profits industry sales is mentioned: [Pg.73]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.39]    [Pg.910]    [Pg.427]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.242]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.1759]    [Pg.927]    [Pg.621]    [Pg.93]    [Pg.297]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.614]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.39]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.127]    [Pg.376]    [Pg.544]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.94]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.50]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.34 , Pg.39 ]




SEARCH



Industrial profitability

PROFIT

Profitability

Profiting

© 2024 chempedia.info