Process real-time response

REAL TIME RESPONSE RAPIDITY OF SENSING PROCESSES LONG STABILITY - SHELF LIFETIME. OPERATIONAL LIFETIME... 

Alhajraf, S., Al-Awadhi, L., Al-FaReal-time response system for the prediction of the atmospheric transport of hazardous materials , Journal Loss revent Process dustri, vol 18, 520-525. 

In order to provide a real-time response to an order request in an ATO/MTO/CTO environment, a fast procedure is required to allocate material and production resources to a single order in real time. The type of approach required depends on the complexity in production processes and material requirements. For example, at the simplest level, the required procedure can be viewed as one of incrementally grabbing the best available materials and production resources as each order arrives. The problem becomes more complex in the case of a job shop production environment. Here the literature of on-line algorithms for job shop scheduling becomes relevant. 

Also with the decline in the cost of electronic components it is now possible to devise even more sophisticated hardware. For example, the use of multi (micro) processor systems has been proposed for improving the real time response of microcomputers. In multiprocessor systems, various tasks can be distributed among several processors. Thus, data acquisition is handled by one processor while the processing of the data is handled by a another and the experimental control by a third. 

As with process-control valves, actuators used to control fluid-power valves have a fundamental influence on performance. The actuators must provide positive, real-time response to control inputs. The primary types of actuators used to control fluid-power valves are mechanical, pilot, and solenoid. 

The observation of dependent variable values (in functional experiments this is cellular response) as they happen (i.e., as the agonist or antagonist binds to the receptor and as the cell responds) is referred to as real time. In contrast, a response chosen at a single point in time is referred to as stop-time experimentation. There are certain experimental formats that must utilize stop-time measurement of responses since the preparation is irreparably altered by the process of measuring response. For example, measurement of gene activation through reporter molecules necessitates lysis of the cell. Therefore, only one... 

Real-time synthesis of operating procedures. Most of the ideas and methodologies, presented in this chapter, are applicable to the a priori, off-line, synthesis of operating procedures. There is a need though to address similar problems during the operation of a chemical plant. Typical examples are the synthesis of operational response (i.e., operating procedure) to process upsets, real-time recovery from a fallback position, and supervisory control for constrained optimum operation. 

Stand alone fire or gas detection and alarm panels are normally provided in the main control facility for the installation. Recent trends also incorporate the transmittal of fire and gas alarms through the DCS into the main process alarm real time control panel. When alarm panels are located within a protected building, they should be located for easy access for emergency response personnel and proximity to manual electrical power shut off facilities. 

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