Industry data

There are several widely used approaches for developing perspective about the significance of absolute risk estimates (Figure 16). The first approach is to compare the risk estimates to historical experience within your company, looking for similar events. Most companies have safety and loss recordkeeping programs that date back many years. But if directly related data are sparse, you may widen your comparison to extrapolate from near-miss incidents that could have caused the event of interest. You will not, however, frequently find solace from the company data—or even comparable industry data. 

Available in metal only, usually used In batch and continuous distillation in small diameter columns not exceeding 24-inches dia. High fractionation ability per unit height, best suited for laboratory work. Conical and triangular types available. Not much industrial data available. 

QRA is generally resource intensive. FEIR, is much less although it uses the framework of QRA for screening and ranking systems by relative risk using order-of-magnitude estimates of the frequencies and consequences of events. It incorporates plant experience and industry data to estimate the potential for future losses. 

Government Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP)... 

Based on industrial data or commercial sized tests, note some values in inches. At very low gas rates. 

This case study is based on real industrial data collected from a plasma etching plant, as presented and discussed in Reece et al. (1989). The task of the unit is to remove the top layer from wafers, while preserving the bottom one. Four different objectives and performance variables are considered ... 

This agrees with industrial data reported by Roprs (1989) the amount of heat exchanged in a 50 litres reactor was estimated to be 0.2 W kg k while that for a 22.5 m reactor is only 0.04-0.08 W kg K. The significance of the influence of the reactor size on heat transfer, and in turn on the yield and selectivity, is illustrated by Example 53.1.4. 

From Agriculture Handbook No. 8 and cola industry data. 

Figure 1.1. Growth of semiconductor and flat panel display industries. [Data Source Semiconductor industry sales data from Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) and flat panel display data from Displaysearch Corp, San Jose, CA.]...

Developed frameworks are applied to the specific industry problem to monthly plan a global chemical commodity value chain by volumes and values. Sub-objectives are to elaborate characteristics and planning requirements for a global commodity value chain in the chemical industry and to develop, implement and evaluate the respective model. Research question 2 is directed to a real industry case study demonstrating the real existence of formulated requirements, showing the applicability of the developed model in reality and evaluating the model using industry data. 

Solution times are sufficiently fast to be applied in tactical planning where no real time response times are required. Secondly, value results are presented. All value results are indexed focusing on comparing results and to ensure confidentiality of industry data. Initially, the value plan with total profits and single values in sales, distribution, production and procurement is analyzed. 

The duration of carcinogenicity studies for both rats and mice is two years in most pharmaceutical laboratories (PMA, 1988). Occasionally, rat studies are extended to 30 months, while some companies terminate mouse studies at 18 months. The difference in duration between mouse and rat studies is based on the behef that rats have a longer natural hfe span than mice. Recent data indicate, however, that this is not the case. The most commonly used strains, the Sprague-Dawley rat and the CD-1 mouse, have approximately equal survival at two years, based on industry data (PMA, 1988). The same is true for the most popular inbred strains, the Fischer 344 rat and the B6C3F1 mouse (PMA, 1988). Data from NCI studies confirm that the two-year survival of the B6C3F1 mouse is at least equal to, if not greater than, that of the Fischer 344 rat (Cameron et al., 1985). 

Industrial Data Sheets (Summaries of toxic data and control strategies on many industrial chemicals)... 

Reproduced by permission from Japan Analytical Industry data)... 

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