Product finishes

Low temperature filtration (qv) is a common final refining step to remove paraffin wax in order to lower the pour point of the oil (14). As an alternative to traditional filtration aided by a propane or methyl ethyl ketone solvent, catalytic hydrodewaxing cracks the wax molecules which are then removed as lower boiling products. Finished lubricating oils are then made by blending these refined stocks to the desired viscosity, followed by introducing additives needed to provide the required performance. Table 3 Usts properties of typical commercial petroleum oils. Methods for measuring these properties are available from the ASTM (10). 

Preparing Steel for Organic Coatings", Product Finishing Direeto, Gardiner Pubhcations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1993. 

G. D. Kent andM. Petschel, Product Finish. (Sept. 1988). 

G. Pohl, ed.. Products Finishing Mags private communication, 1992. 

The process engineer identifies heat exchange equipment in a process by the operation or function it serves at a particular location in the flow cycle. For example, the bottom vaporizer on a product finishing distillation column is usually termed Finishing Column ReboUer E-16, or Reboiler E-16 the overhead vapor condenser on this column is termed Condenser E-17 etc. The usual operations involved in developing a process flowsheet are described in Table 10-11, or Chapter 1, Volume 1. 

Whitfield, M. G., Rolling of Hot Dipped Aluminized Steels to Make Them More Durable , Anti-Corrosive Materials and Processes, 2, 31, Oct. (1963) and US Pat. 2 170 361 Anon., Largest Aluminium Line in UK , Product Finishing, 21 No. 7, 61-65, July (1968) Anon., Welded Aluminized Steel Sheet , Anti-Corrosive Materials and Processes, No. 2, 4-7, Oct. (1963)... 

Graves, B.A., Elardware for Plating Eland-Tools, Danaher Tool Group, Products Finishing Online, 2005. Available at http //www.pfonline.com/articles/049903.html. 

Figure 7. Flowsheet of the acetic acid process 1) reactor, 2) separator, 3) scrubber, 4) light ends separator, 5) drying column, 6) product recovery, 7) product finishing.

Plants that manufacture pesticides with active ingredients use diverse manufacturing processes, including synthesis, separation, recovery, purification, and product finishing such as drying [9]. 

Chemical synthesis can include chlorination, alkylation, nitration, and many other substitution reactions. Separation processes include filtration, decantation, extraction, and centrifugation. Recovery and purification are used to reclaim solvents or excess reactants as well as to purify intermediates and final products. Evaporation and distillation are common recovery and purification processes. Product finishing may involve blending, dilution, pelletizing, packaging, and canning. Examples of production facilities for three groups of pesticides foUow. 

The modern automated sorters (Fig. 8.1) are machines which examine feed lumps on an individual basis, compare the measured properties of each lump with predetermined criteria, and then separate the lumps, using an applied force, into different products according to the measured properties. A sorter treating -120 + 60 mm material typically treats 85-100 t/h and a imit treating -60 + 30 mm material - 30-40 t/h. Ore types treated by sorters aroimd the world include different types of rocks (Mokrousov and Lileev 1979 Salter and Wyatt 1991 Cutmore and Eberhard 2001). These sorters were installed for one of the following duties pre-concentration of plant feed, intermediate product production, finished product production. The main benefits are as follows ... 

Joesel, K., Product Finishing—UV Coating Technology Supplement, p. 16s (2004). 

The Wurster bottom spray system has also been used successfully to coat particles as small as 100 microns. Attempting to coat smaller particles may result in the same difficulties as discussed in the previous segment. Batch capacities range from a few hundred grams to approximately 600 kg. Because fluidization quality is affected by batch size, at least 50% of the volume outside of the partition should be occupied by the uncoated product. Finished product batch size (for fine and intermediate particles) can be determined by the following equation . 

Extend life of solutions SR DHS 1989, Products Finishing, March, 1982... 

Minimize cleaner loss SR Products Finishing 1982, Spring 1963, Section 5.4.1 of this report... 

Dumey, LJ. December 1982. "How to Improve Your Paint Stripping." Products Finishing. Pp. 52-53. 

Products Finishing. December 1982. "Cryogenic Paint Stripping." Pp. 54-57. 

Products Finishing. March 1982. "Cyclonic Separator Saves Pretreatment Chemicals." Pp. 88-90. 

Bayne, M. A. December 1977. "Critical Eye Cast on Cadmium Plating." Products Finishing. Pp. 66-78. 

Josefiak, WJ. November 1988. "Dividends from Mush Buffing." Products Finishing. Gardner Publications, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Robison, G. T. August 1978. "Wire Woods Manufacturer Plates Trivalent Chromium." Products Finishing. Pp. 55-60. 

Brush, P.N. November 1983. "Fast Track for PCBs." Product Finishing. Pp. 84-5. 

Once this has been done, one can proceed to actual product testing utilizing these parameters and their specifications to validate that the process will produce acceptable product. The testing can be conducted on samples during the manufacture (in-process tests) or on the finished product (finished product tests). Each product may have its own idiosyncrasies requiring special tests, but generally the in-process and finished product tests that would be required for all solid dosage forms in process validation are as follows. 

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