Filtration aids

Low temperature filtration (qv) is a common final refining step to remove paraffin wax in order to lower the pour point of the oil (14). As an alternative to traditional filtration aided by a propane or methyl ethyl ketone solvent, catalytic hydrodewaxing cracks the wax molecules which are then removed as lower boiling products. Finished lubricating oils are then made by blending these refined stocks to the desired viscosity, followed by introducing additives needed to provide the required performance. Table 3 Usts properties of typical commercial petroleum oils. Methods for measuring these properties are available from the ASTM (10). 

The physical properties of loose and granular media are important, both from the standpoint of the operation of the filtration device, but also from the standpoints of feeding and storing these materials in bins and silos. These considerations are equally important and quite pertinent to dry chemicals that are used as filtration aids (Chapter 3). In a general sense, loose solid matter is comprised of large numbers... 

The condensation is usually carried out by adding a solution containing equimolar amounts of the allyl halide and the aldehyde or ketone to a solution of at least two equivalents of chromium-(II) chloride in THF at 0 5°C. Frequently, the less precious component is used in 50-100% excess. Although commercially available anhydrous chromium(II) chloride can be utilized (Method B), its in situ preparation from chromium(III) chloride and lithium aluminum hydride (Method A) is often preferred. The removal of chromium and aluminum hydroxide, which are formed on aqueous workup, can be accomplished by filtration in the presence of a filtration aid. 

Lignin amines with high nitrogen content are water soluble at both alkaline and acidic pH values. The lignin amines have various useful properties. For example, they are active as flocculants, filtration aids, scale inhibitors, fluid loss additives, oil well cement additives, and corrosion inhibitors among other potential uses. The nitrogen is introduced into the lignins with the Mannich reaction [1570]. 

Injections and infusion fluids must be manufactured in a manner that will minimize or eliminate extraneous particulate matter. Parenteral solutions are generally filtered through 0.22 pm membrane filters to achieve sterility and remove particulate matter. Prefiltration through a coarser filter is often necessary to maintain adequate flow rates, or to prevent clogging of the filters during large-scale manufacturing. A talc or carbon filtration aid (or other filter aids) may also be necessary. If talc is used, it should be pretreated with a dilute acid solution to remove surface alkali and metals. 

V,V-dimethylamino)pyridinc (400 mg). The mixture was cooled in an ice bath for 20 minutes and then treated with dropwise addition of M/V-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (34 mmol) dissolved in 50 ml CH2C12 over a period of 60 minutes. It was then stirred for 60 minutes in an ice bath and then at ambient temperature overnight. A precipitate that formed was removed by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel and the filtration aid Celite and then washed with 100 ml 0.1 M HC1,100 ml 5% NaOH, and with 100 ml water. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give a slightly cloudy viscous liquid and 11.4 g of product isolated. 2... 

The recovered oil (reported to contain less than 10% water), can be returned to the oil treating system. However, it would be wise to provide alternate handling for this oil, as the filtration aid chemical may not be compatible with the oil dehydration chemical. Suspended solids are trapped within the interstices of the sand during the filtering step When the accumulation of oil and solids causes an increase in head loss across the media of 10 psi, the media is washed either manually or automatically. 

Function Clarifying agent separation/filtration aid stabilizer bodying agent tableting aid dispersant coating on fresh fruit. 

It is also believed that the carbon acts as a filtration aid and prevents compression of sewage solids during dewatering. Pilot plants were constructed by JPL in Pasadena and in Fountain Valley, CA, USA, the latter also known as Orange County Sanitation District Plant No. 1. 

Major polymer applications flocculation of particulate matter, pigment retention aids in paper (e.g. TiO2), filtration aids, cosmetics... 

Arjdene. [Hart Qimn. Ltd.] Sulfosucci-nates wetting agent, filtration aid, dewatering surfactant... 

Keroflux . [BASF AG] Lowntw.wax cold flow inqirovers and filtration aids for middle distillates in the mino-ai oil industry. 

Multex. [Kaopolite] Hard aluminum silicate large particle for heavy-duty abra-sivm water filtration aid. 

Pretreatment of the crude an alternative to the preceding solution is to prepurify the crude solution on another column filled with a similar material or a simple filtration aid as, for example, diatomeous earth or activated carbon to remove strongly retained impurities. If eventually chromatographic conditions for this pretreatment should be developed to remove the critical impurities, most of the time, a two-step approach is more favorable than a single step. This could also help to work under isocratic conditions and to get favorable process conditions to recycle solvent. 

Filtration subject to filtration filtration aid filtration inhibiting filtrate residue filter... 

We attempted to add concentrate to the washed oxide prior to its filtration. The concentrate is much coarser than the zinc oxide and we hoped it would act as a filtration aid. These additions resulted in a dryer cake, about 16% to 18% H2O. This is an improvement, but the cake is still sticky, and is hard to handle. The solution will require the installation of... 

Uses Conditioner, antistat, film-former, emollient in cosmetics, hair shampoos, conditioners, rinses, moisturizing creams, lotions, bath prods., skin care flocculant/coagulant for water clarification, potable water treatment, wastewater treatment, oil field, flotation enhancement, mining filtration aid coagulant for yam processing. 

Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride coagulant, mining filtration aids Polyquaternium-6... 

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