Specifications Finished Products

The tests on individual perfumery materials are usually run prior to any specific projects. Even where they are conducted in the context of a specific project, they must be completed at an early stage of the project, when the exact composition of the product base is usually still in doubt. Consequently they are normally not run using the exact formulation of the finished product but a "standard formulation" that is typical of an entire finished product category. Therefore the semiempirical approach usually involves a second assumption of which we know that it is rarely entirely true the assumption that the perfume will perform in each specific finished product formulation in the same... 

Product variety resource commonality - A company often offers multiple products or a variety of similar models that share common materials or production capacity. The commitment to deliver a specific finished product represents an allocation of these common resources. The degree of product variety and the complexity of the relationship between products and resources directly impacts the complexity of the ATP resource allocation problem. 

With the introduction of new antipollution standards as well as limitations envisaged for the chemical composition of finished products, current refining flowsheets and especially those beyond the year 2000 will have to adapt to the new specifications using new processes. 

Finished product specifications and future constraints for Europe. 

The ideal plant growth regulator should leave no harmful persistent residue in a finished product or crop and the paradigm compounds are ones that have high specific activity, are target specific, and are environmentally biodegradable. 

QuaHty control in the production of organic solvent finish removers may be done by gas—Hquid chromatography, which allows the manufacturer to determine the actual ratio of volatile solvent present in the finished product. If the product does not meet specifications, solvents can be added to bring the product to an acceptable composition. A less expensive approach is to use a hydrometer to determine the specific gravity of the product. The specific gravity indicates if the proper blend has been reached. Nonaqueous acid—base titration may be used to determine the amount of acid or alkaline activator present in a remover. 

There are two principal biotechnological appHcations dealing with steroids. Microbial agents are used for processing raw materials into useful intermediates for general steroid production and for specific transformations of steroids to advanced intermediates or finished products (120,145). 

Special additives are often included in a carrier formulation to provide specific properties such as foam control, stabiUty, and fiber lubrication during dyeing. Most important are the solvents used to solubilize the soHd carrier-active chemicals. These often contribute to the general carrier activity of the finished product. For example, chlorinated benzenes and aromatic esters are good solvents for biphenyls and phenylphenols. Flammable compounds (flash point below 60°C) should be avoided. 

Advancement Process. In the advancement process, sometimes referred to as the fusion method, Hquid epoxy resin (cmde diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) is chain-extended with bisphenol A in the presence of a catalyst to yield higher polymerized products. The advancement reaction is conducted at elevated temperatures (175—200°C) and is monitored for epoxy value and viscosity specifications. The finished product is isolated by cooling and cmshing or flaking the molten resin or by allowing it to soHdify in containers. 

The recycle requirements of products in different apphcations can vaiy substantially depending upon the scale of operation, the ease of diying, and the finished-product specification. The location of reintroduction of undried material back into the diying medium has a significant impact upon the dryer performance and final-product characteristics. 

Invoices statement of procedure for submitting invoices Quality Control explanation of responsibilities for analysis of supplied materials, finished product, and work in progress consequences of off-spec materials procedure for rework Process Ownership specification of who owns the process, degree of liability for remediation, procedure for review and approval of process changes... 

Are the ABC Co. products currently contracted for manufacture or repackaging specifically listed m the contractual agreement (Please attach a list of pounds received and shipped of ABC Co. owned raw materials, intermediates and finished products for the last twelve months.) ... 

Chemicals may be encountered as reactants, solvents, catalysts, inhibitors, as starting materials, finished products, by-products, contaminants, or off-specification products. They may vary from pure, single substances to complex proprietary formulations. 

In order to identify the production processes required to produce a particular product you need a production requirement in the form of product specifications which define the features and characteristics of the product that are to be achieved. By studying these specifications you will be able to identify the processes required to turn raw materials and bought-out components into a finished product. With manufactured products the processes may include machining, welding, fabrication, assembly, forming, plating, painting, heat treatment, etc. 

Once your compands senior management is on board, your next priority is to define specific goals for the PSM initiative. This helps you determine what your finished product (i.e., the new PSM system) will look like and how it will work within your company. 

What Is the Expected Output or Work Product. The specific form of the finished product will vaiy according to your company s practices and needs. However, it s reasonable to expect that the team s efforts will ultimately produce a set of documented Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the management system, or their equivalent within your organization (see Section 6.3). Interim work products may include progress reports (see Chapter 8), documentation of discussions and analyses, flowcharts, or other materials. 

The basic elements and considerations for assay development, validation, and specification assignment are reviewed briefly. Assay development produces a method that requires validation for the analysis and release of materials (bulk or formulated finished product) for use in clinical development. The cumulative analysis of materials and stability considerations is then used to established specifications for internal and regulatory submission. 

For drug substances and drug products, applications for enantiomers and racemates should include a stereochemically specific identity test and/or a stereochemically selective assay. The choice of control tests should be based on the method of manufacture and stability characteristics and, in the case of the finished product, its composition. 

Variations in viscosity of both the incoming and finished products have a dramatic effect on mixer performance. Standard operating procedures should include specific operating guidelines for the range of variation that is acceptable for each application. The recommended range should include adjustments for temperature, flow rates, mixing speeds, and other factors that directly or indirectly affect viscosity. 

The purpose for which the analytical data are required may perhaps be related to process control and quality control. In such circumstances the objective is checking that raw materials and finished products conform to specification, and it may also be concerned with monitoring various stages in a manufacturing process. For this kind of determination methods must be employed which are quick and which can be readily adapted for routine work in this area instrumental methods have an important role to play, and in certain cases may lend themselves to automation. On the other hand, the problem may be one which requires detailed consideration and which may be regarded as being more in the nature of a research topic. 

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