Procedures for study

Examples of various vibratory test procedures for studying cavitation-erosion of metals in inhibited engine coolants have been given in an ASTM Special Technical Publication... 

One commonly used procedure for studying the steric stability of the carbanion is comparison of the rate of base-catalyzed H/D exchange reaction (kel) on the chiral carbon with the rate of racemization (fcrac). By this comparison, inversion, racemization or... 

Morris, RGM (1984) Development of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J. Neurosci. Meth. 11 47-60. 

Instrumentation and experimental procedur for studies of electron ejection... 

Experiments were conducted to determine if varying the conditions in the in vitro digestion procedure would affect post-digestion calcium solubility and in some cases, exchangeability. This was done with two purposes to test the use of the in vitro digestion procedure for studying factors which might influence calcium bioavailability and to use the results to modify the standard procedure. 

The procedure for studying tetratomic molecules is identical to that followed in the study of diatomic and triatomic molecules. One begins with a local-mode Hamiltonian... 

Experimental Procedures for Studying Nicotine s Effects 2.1 Intravenous drug self-administration... 

The procedures for studying mechanisms of regulation of the rates of biochemical processes are described in Chapter 3. These procednres are applied to peptide synthesis in this discussion. There are three qnestions that must be answered prior to discussion of mechanisms, (i) Which reactions are non-eqnilibrium (ii) Which is the flnx-gen-erating reaction and how is it regulated (iii) What reactions other than the flnx-generating steps are regulated by external factors, i.e. external to the intermediates in peptide synthesis ... 

The third approach considered was for the agency to pubhsh detailed test protocols and procedures for studies on regulated products. This, however, would have discouraged the use of informed scientific judgment in designing tests and inhibited the development of new toxicological methods. 

Burning of Hydrazine Droplets in Oxygen. As a simple illustration of the use of similarity procedures for studying droplet burning, we consider the burning of a liquid hydrazine droplet in pure oxygen. 

The apparatus and procedures for studying the ionization related to catalytic combustion have been described (20). A potential of 300 volts d.c. was maintained between the cylindrical collector and the heated filament, with the collector being negative. After the filaments had been conditioned at 1000°C. for a few minutes, the background current was less than 0.01 X 10"9 amp., even at the highest filament temperatures used (900°C.). 

Ki-67 antigen immunohistochemical staining is a simple and reliable procedure for studying tumor proliferative activity in frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, including archival specimens. This antigen can be retrieved on sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues by autoclave treatment (Fig. 10.1) or microwave heating (Fig. 10.2). Both methods are reliable and are presented later. 

Femandez-Metzler, C. L., Owens, K. G., Baillie, T. A., and King, R. C. (1999). Rapid liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based screening procedures for studies on the biotransformation of drug candidates. Drug Metab. Dispos. 27 32-40. 

As mentioned above, the characteristic feature of processes in this kinetic region is that the peak current ratio — z°x/Zped varies from about unity to zero. Thus, a procedure for studying the kinetics would be to record values of —/°x//ped at different sweep rates and compare these with a working curve for the proposed mechanism in a way analogous to that discussed for DPSCA above. However, a problem with this approach is the difficulty of defining a baseline for the reverse sweep (see below) and, for that reason, CV suffers from some limitations when used in quantitative work. This has led to the development of derivative cyclic voltammetry (DCV) [37]. 

Much time and effort were spent in compiling the analytical and preparative procedures for studying the amino acid composition of proteins of animal and plant origin, which resulted in his first book, The Determination of the Amino Acids, followed by five more dealing with the amino acid composition of proteins and foods, paper chromatographic and electrophoretic methods, and analytical methods of protein chemistry. 

France CP (1995) A sensitive, efficient drug discrimination procedure for studying kappa antagonists in rhesus monkeys. Analgesia 1 421-424... 

Schenk F. 1989. A homing procedure for studying spatial memory in immature and adult rodents. J Neurosci Methods 26 249-258. 

Cellulose pyrolysis has been studied in detail from a variety of points of view mainly related to chemical utilization of wood pyrolysis products or to fire related problems. Analytical pyrolysis of cellulose is not often used as a tool for cellulose detection, but it is a common procedure for studying the pyrolysis products. A variety of analytical procedures have been applied for this study, pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) being the most common [11-16]. Besides Py-GC/MS, other analytical procedures also have been utilized, such as Py-MS [17,18], Py-IR [19], and off-line Py followed by HPLC [20]. The Py-MS spectrum of cellulose was shown in Figure 5.4.1 (B). Some procedures applied GC/MS on derivatized pyrolysis products (off-line), the derivatization being done by silylation [21], permethylation, perbenzoylation [22], etc. Information about cellulose also has been obtained from the analysis of pyrolysis products of several cellulose derivatives, such as O-substituted cellulose [23]. Also the study of cellulose crystalline structure with X-ray during pyrolysis has been used [23a] to generate information about the pyrolysis mechanism. 

G. Scarponi, G. Capodaglio, C. Barbante, P. Cescon, The anodic stripping voltammetric titration procedure for study of trace metal complexation in sea water, in Element Speciation in Bioinorganic Chemistry, S. Caroli (Ed.) Wiley New York, 1996, 363-418. 

The procedure for studying metal complexation in sea water includes both the determination of the total content in an aliquot of the sample subjected to acid digestion using the procedure reported above, and the voltammetric titration of organic ligands in an untreated aliquot of the sample with the metal of interest (samples destined for speciation measurements are not subject to acidification or... 

A novel procedure for studying the competitive alkylation of benzene and toluene involved stirring a solution of 0.125 mole of each hydrocarbon and 0.05 mole of nitrosonium hexafluorophosphate in 50 g. of nitromethane at 25° and adding 11 solution of 0.025 mole of ethylamine in 20 g. of nitromethane over a period of 20 min. The results indicate the relative reactivities of toluene (T) and benzene (B) to... 

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