Spatial learning

Li ST, Matsushita M, Moiiwaki A, Saheki Y, Lu YF, Tomizawa K, Wu HY, Terada H, Matsui H (2004) HIV-1 Tat inhibits long-term potentiation and attenuates spatial learning [corrected]. Ann Neurol 55(3) 362-371... 

Morris, RGM (1984) Development of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J. Neurosci. Meth. 11 47-60. 

Yavich, L, Sirvio, J, Haapalinna, A, Puumala, T, Koivisto, E, Heinonen, E and Reikkinen, PJ (1996) The systemic administration of tacrine or selegiline facilitate spatial learning in aged Fisher 344 rats. J. Neural Trans. 103 619-626. 

Grant, S. G., O Dell, T. J., Karl, K. A. et al. Impaired longterm potentiation, spatial learning, and hippocampal development in fyn mutant mice. Science 258 1903-1910, 1992. 

Jost, C. R., Van Der Zee, C. E., In t Zandt, H. J. etal. Creatine kinase B-driven energy transfer in the brain is important for habituation and spatial learning behaviour, mossy fibre field size and determination of seizure susceptibility. Eur. J. Neurosci. 15 692-706, 2002. 

Zamanillo, D. Sprengel, R., Hvalby, O. et al. Importance of AMPA receptor for hippocampal synaptic plasticity but not for spatial learning. Science 284 1805-1811,1999. 

Laboratory white rat, 50 pg/m3 air, 4 h daily for 7 days Impaired spatial learning increased locomotor activity 9... 

Schantz, S.L., J. Moshtaghian, and D.K. Ness. 1995. Spatial learning deficits in adult rats exposed to ortho-substituted PCB congeners during lactation and gestation. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 26 117-126. 

Schantz, S.L., B.W. Seo, J. Moshtaghian, and S. Amin. 1997. Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls of dioxin do changes in thyroid function mediated effects on spatial learning Amer. Zool. 37 399-408. 

Ginseng extract improves the spatial learning performance of aged rats in an eight-arm radial maze and operant discrimination task (Nitta et al. 1995). It also improves memory performance in active-avoidance (shuttle-box) and passive-avoidance (step-down) tasks, and reinforces staircase-maze learning in both young and aged rats. (Petkov and Mosharrof 1987 Petkov et al. 1990 Petkov et al. 1992). The effects were also very dose dependent, with inverted U-shape dose-response curves. 

Kesner RP, Jackson-Smith P, Henry C, Amann K. (1995). Effects of ibogaine on sensory-motor function, activity, and spatial learning in rats. Pharmacol Blochem Behav. 51(1) 103-9. 

Brioni JD, Decker MW, Gamboa LP, Izquierdo I, McGaugh JL. 1990. Muscimol injections in the medial septum impair spatial learning. Brain Res 522(2) 227-234. 

Fadda F, Cocco S, Stancampiano R. 2000. Hippocampal acetylcholine release correlates with spatial learning... 

Gibbs R, Gabor R, Cox T, Johnson D. 2004. Effects of raloxifen and estradiol on hippocampal acetycholine release and spatial learning in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29(6) 741-748. 

He C, Qu X, Cui L, Wang J, Kang JX. (2009) Improved spatial learning performance of fat-1 mice is associated with enhanced neurogenesis and neuritogenesis by docosahexaenoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 11370-11375. 

The exact nature of the deficit produced by NMDA antagonists and the interpretation of results has been questioned. It is difficult to ignore the possibility that sensorimotor impairment, however subtle, may mediate the apparent spatial learning deficit in rats (Keith and Rudy, 1990). The fact that animals exhibiting minimal LTP still demonstrate significant learning is also challenging (Bannerman et al., 1995). 

The influence of BDNF regulation of synaptic function on behaviour has still to be fully determined. Rats treated with antibodies to BDNF (icv) were signihcantly impaired in a spatial learning task (Mu et ah, 1999). Levels of BDNF expression in CAl were rapidly and selectively increased following contextual fear conditioning, a form of learning also dependent on the hippocampus (Hall et ah, 2000). 

Oitzl MS, De Kloet ER (1992) Selective corticosteroid antagonists modulate specific aspects of spatial orientation learning. Behav Neimosci 106 62-71 Oitzl MS, de Kloet ER, Joels M, Schmid W, Cole TJ (1997) Spatial learning deficits in mice with a targeted glucocorticoid receptor gene disruption. Eur J Neurosci 9 2284-2296... 

---