Spatial memory

The Delta system contains many of the same tests contained in the APTS system, including those that monitor motor function, reaction time, attention and working memory, learning and memory, spatial perception and reasoning, mathematical calculation, and language (Table 6.1). More complete descriptions of the psychometric and validity studies supporting the utility of this testing system are available elsewhere.61,62... 

Principle 9 We have at least two ways of organizing memory—spatial memory and rote learning. When information is merely memorized, without being rooted in experience, the information is soon forgotten. CTL encourages students to seek connections between information and experience. 

PT, PZT, PLZT nonvolatile memory, ir, pyroelectric detectors, electro—optic waveguide, and spatial light modulators sol—gel, sputtering... 

The hippocampus, which got its name from the Greek word for seahorse, due to its form, is a nucleus in the depth of the temporal lobe. The hippocampus is important for the integration of sensory information, for spatial orientation and for memory formation. The hippocampal formation contains the CA (cornu ammonis) regions, the dentate gyms and the subiculum. 

E D (2001) Visual spatial memory is enhanced in female rats. BMC Neurosci. 2 1-13. 

Carney, J.M., Starke-Reed, P.E., Oliver, C.N., Landrum, R.W., Cheng, M.S. and Wu, J.F. (1991). Reversal of age-related increase in brain protein oxidation, decrease in enzyme activity, and loss in temporal and spatial memory by chronic administration of the spin-trapping compound N-tert-butyl-cr-phenylnitrone. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3633-3636. 

Algeri S., Biagini L., Manfridi A, Pitsikas N. (1991). Age-related ability of rats kept on a life-long hypocaloric diet in a spatial memory test. Longitudinal observations. Neurobiol. Aging 12, 277-82. 

Auditory prose passage immediate and delayed recall Calev matched word recall and recognition task Cambridge neuropsychological battery (CANTAB) spatial working memory... 

Spatial recall (windows-in-houses task) brief delay Supraspan auditory word list brief delay, written recall Verbal paired associates delayed recall Visuospatial memory (VIG) complex shape learning Visual paired associates delayed recall Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) total spatial span Wechsler memory (WAIS) immediate and delayed paragraph recall... 

Hippocampus Spatial resolution, learning, memory autobiographical events... 

Amide 39 is a potent and selective inhibitor of GlyT-1 both in vitro (Ki = 1.79 nM) and in vivo (CSF-glycine ED2oo 3.9 mg/kg, rat, p.o.) but with limited permeability across Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell membranes [78]. Optimization led to fused [3.1.0] and [3.3.0] azabi-cyclic analogs 40 (PF-3463275) [78] and 41 [79], respectively. Analogs of both systems demonstrated excellent potency (fC = 1.7-95 nM), and improved permeability, PK, and in vivo efficacy. Spatial working memory... 

LTP has been shown in many parts of the brain but it has been most extensively studied in the hippocampus, a phy-logenetically old part of the cerebral cortex that in humans is embedded in the temporal horn and in rats and rabbits lies beneath the parietal and temporal neocortex (Fig. 15-3A). The hippocampus is essential for (declarative) memory formation in rats the role of hippocampus in acquisition of spatial information has been studied in... 

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