Proactive or Reactive

Provide Warning Devices. When neither software design nor safety devices can effectively eliminate identified hazards or adequately reduce associated risk, devices should be used to detect the condition and to produce an adequate warning signal to alert personnel of the hazard. 

Develop Procedures and Training. Not all hazards can be controlled within the software subsystem. Providing adequate hazard controls is a system level issue that includes the control of physical hazards from all areas, and minimizing risk resulting from environmental conditions. Where it is impractical to eliminate hazards through design, procedures and training must be used. All software-related functions that affect service should be documented, and users should be fully trained. 

Specific Development Activities. Software life cycle activities related to system safety engineering include the following  

The only question is whether the effort will be proactive or reactive. Proactive efforts are led by the enlightened leadership of safety, engineering, and management communities reactive efforts are pushed by accidents, litigation, and overseas competition. 

With the proper leadership and initiative from members of the existing safety community, supported and aided by thoughtful engineers and managers, this effort can aid in providing safe products and services and in gaining a competitive edge as we move into the next century. 

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Conttols can be proactive or reactive bnt in CRM, where the aim is to intervene early in the chain of events, proactive controls should be the focus of the analysis. By linking causes to controls it makes it easier to work out where there might be potential gaps and examine the conseqnences of a particnlar control being ineffective. 

Does the organization take a proactive or reactive role when promoting hazard control ... 

Higher education. The impact of education should be even more dramatic if some of the concepts discussed in Chapter 14 are taught. It seems particularly useful to explain that actively caring behavior can be proactive or reactive, direct or indirect, and focused on the environment, internal person-states, and behavior. Also, it should be taught that direct, proactive, and behavior-focused active caring is most challenging—and most useful to prevent injuries. 

An interesting component in preventing recalls is the philosophy and mindset of the QA managers within afirm. Are they proactive or are they reactive ... 

Maintenance tasks are either implemented proactively in order to prevent or minimize the chance of failure or reactively to correct a situation following failure. Preventive maintenance plans are derived from the EMEA process that will define the tasks and task frequencies required in order to maintain system reliability, consistency, and capability. Flaving applied the FMEA process in order to determine the maintenance strategy, it is essential that the system... 

Low-back injury is estimated to cost the U.S. industry tens of biUions annually through compensation claims, lost workdays, reduced productivity, and retraining needs (NIOSH 1997 Cats-Baril and Fry-moyer 1991 Frymoyer et al. 1983). Approximately 33% of aU workers compensation costs are for musculoskeletal disorders. Experience has shown that these injuries can be avoided with the proper ergonomic intervention. Biomechanical models available can be used for job analysis either proactively, during the design phase, or reactively in response to injury incidence, to help identify the injurious situations. The most common types of injury-assessment analyses performed using human models include low-back compression force analysis and strength analysis. 

At the highest strategic level, an organization can adopt either a proactive or a reactive approach toward product development. Which is appropriate depends on growth opportunities, protection for innovation, market scale, competition, and position in production and distribution system (Urban and Hauser, 1993). Since the Internet offers the potential to change these, one possible research question is how the advent of e-commerce may alter decisions about product development strategy (e.g., does it become more or less important to offer a stream of innovative new products as the web increases in importance as a marketing channel )... 

Contact information for the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party is included so that the user of the chemical can contact someone in the event that there are additional questions regarding the hazardous chemical. This provides a proactive and reactive avenue to gain information regarding the use of the chemical or exposure to it. 

Downstream to upstream in real time Behavior-based safety measurements are more than a review of the injury roster. Although recordable and lost-time injuries are one measurement of safety success, they are not the only measure. Looking at injury data is downstream, or reactive. BBS encourages organizations to look upstream at proactive data hke unsafe acts from safety observations, safety audit scores, inspection results, etc. The problem with this proactive data, however, is at least two-fold. 

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