Private-label products

An alternate strategy is to compete on uniqueness, a strategy used by Trader Joe s. While other grocery stores carry 25,000 to 40,000 items, Trader Joe s stores carry 1,500 to 2,000 items. However the store also introduces about 50 items each week and carries 80% private-label products as well as products that are offered at lower prices than gourmet shops. The international sourcing of items such as cheeses, wines, and desserts enables the store to offer items that are not found at most other grocery stores. Trader J oe s buyers (which number about fifteen) tour the world... 

Fearne, A. and S. Dedman, 1999. Supply chain partnerships for private label products insights from the UK. In Conference of the Food Distribution Research Society, Wye College, University of London. 

The retail shelf stable fruit category is dominated by two firms SPC Ardmona (acquired by Coca-Cola Amatil in 2005) and Golden Circle. However this category is facing intense competition from imports (Dole, Del Monte and Heinz) and the increasing presence of supermarket private label products. 

Economic summaries of the cosmetic industry, commonly documented by sales volume, are sometimes based on unit sales, sometimes on manufacturers sales in monetary units, and sometimes on consumer spending. Figures normally include contributions by private labeling operations but do not necessarily reflect the value of the industry service sector, which includes suppHers of raw materials, beauticians, testing laboratories, and other speciaHsts. Moreover, product categories caimot be rigidly defined. For example, the differentiation between a deodorant (a cosmetic) and an antiperspirant (an OTC dmg) is often obscured by its trade name. 

The strongly re search-oriented dentifrice market is dominated by a few primary companies. The industry funds efforts to develop products with superior cosmetic and therapeutic performance. The four principal manufacturers of toothpaste worldwide are Procter Gamble, Unilever, Colgate-Palmohve, and Beecham. Numerous smaller companies and private-label houses also exist. 

Mail order companies often offer excellent service. Their catalogs sometimes list specialty items not sold elsewhere, such as unique pH electrodes or plastic products. Both laboratory supply houses and mail order companies may sell popular types of instruments under their own private labels at substantial savings. 

The company was a private label manufacturer of home maintenance and personal care products. Its laboratory would be involved with new product development, evaluation of raw materials, testing of competitive products, and quality control. Laboratory personnel would also be responsible for chemical safety in the plant and for proper waste disposal. 

In most marketplaces there are also toll-blender companies, who specialize in producing private-label water treatment chemical blends for small (and sometimes quite large), independent service companies. The toll-blender companies will either manufacture chemical products according to their customers confidential formulations or may offer a range of standard formulations should the service company customer not have the level of in-house formulatory expertise necessary. 

Do they offer any value-added services Will they help with advertising and promotion, provide inventory reports and analyses, or assist with pharmacy layout and design Do they offer a private-label line of products ... 

Look for these private-label brands that sell organic products—be sure to check the label ... 

When applying this technology to batteries, it is important to appreciate that many thousands of unique battery labels are marketed today. These include main manufacturer brands such as Duracell, Energizer, Varta etc., as well as private labelled batteries for retail chains. The database needs to allow for subtle differences in the battery label, such as a change in position of a visible date code, as well as more obvious ones such as a Duracell or Energizer label with or without an on-cell power meter. Historical label changes need to be included too. Each manufacturer has potentially scores of changes to his main brand product label over the past ten years. 

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented a final rule in April 2004 requiring bar coding on certain products administered to patient in hospitals in an effort to reduce medication errors. This rule applies to manufacturers, repackers, relablers, and private label distributors of the following products ... 

ISO-9001 certified manufacturer with nationwide network of plants will blend latex and epoxy liquids, custom cement blends and other construction related products. FFS (form, fill and seaO and private label packaging available. 

Private label cards are issued and administered by retailers. Usually, they are given to customers for use in their stores, and their main function is to promote the retailer s products. As a result, credit underwriting may not be as stringent as it is for other types of credit cards. In Europe, as of this writing, there has been only one private label ABS transaction so far. In December 2000, Findomestic Banca S.p.A. securitised credit card borrowings generated through the company s credit card product Carta Aura. 

In addition to REACH, a wide range of voluntary labelling systems exist as well as different tools, standards, private labels based on best practice and improvement, as opposed to law. A straightforward evaluation of the role of labels in product differentiation is not possible with the plethora of certification schemes, which is often daunting to companies wishing to address sustainability issues and frequently causes confusion and frustration in the market. 

The a ressiveness of private label and national brands in choosing their respective pricing plans can be affected by the nature of customer preferences across products. Banks and Moorthy [3] describe a model in which there are two customer segments a brand-loyal segment with a search cost and a price-sensitive customer segment with no search costs. The branded product thus has to defend its brand by appropriate choice of price promotions. They show that as the search costs for the brand-loyal... 

In this example, 11 dark chocolates from the French market were analysed (Table 6.1). As can be seen, this selection includes chocolates made with various cocoa contents. Some products are from major brands, as well as from private labels, and two products are fair trade and organic chocolates. 

For the quantitative study, 30 young men aged 18-35 (mean 26 years) were recruited, all being heavy users of hair wax. Overall, a good brand distribution was strived for users of Swiss 0 Par, got2b, L Ordal and private label brands (e.g. REWE, Rossmann). Each respondent evaluated one AXE product over a longer period of time AXE Spiked Up in = 16) and AXE Smart Look (n = 13). Out of the 30 respondents, there was one drop-out, who could not be motivated to carry on with the survey. Fieldwork took place in April 2013. Each participant evaluated one test product at six different contact points during one day, and answered various questions on their mobile phone. 

FIGURE 2.2 U.S. sales figures for some household cleaning types. Volumes after 1999 do not include Wal-Mart data. Sales data from Household and Personal Products Industry (HAPPI), Issues Dec. 1996, Dec. 1999, Nov. 2002, Nov. 2005, and Private Label Buyer Issues June 1, 2002 and July 1, 2006. 

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