Labeled lines

Figure 2.5 Shearing force per unit area versus shear rate. The experimental points are measured for polyethylene, and the labeled lines are drawn according to the relationship indicated. (Data from J. M. McKelvey, Polymer Processing, Wiley, New York, 1962.)...

Statements. Most statements, except where noted otherwise, begin in the seventh column of a page considered to be 80 columns w ide continuation linen are indicated by a + (symbol may vary with version of language) in the sixth column. The first five columns are reserved for labels (line numbers), which are only required if the line is referenced by another statement, and for comment lines, which are determined by a character in the first column. Columns 7 to 72 are reserved for statements 7.S-80 are not read. (See Table 1-24 for required order of statements in FORTRAN.)... 

Taste receptor cells are organized into taste buds 825 Sensory afferents within three cranial nerves innervate the taste buds 826 Information coding of taste is not strictly according to a labeled line 826 Taste cells have multiple types of ion channels 826 Salts and acids are transduced by direct interaction with ion channels 826 Taste cells contain receptors, G proteins and second-messenger-effector enzymes 827... 

The male moth s pheromone-analyzing olfactory subsystem is composed of pheromone-specific antennal ORCs projecting to the similarly specialized, anatomically defined MGC in the AL and MGC output neurons that project to olfactory foci in the protocerebrum. This subsystem is an example of a labeled-line pathway (18). Its specialization to detect, amplify, and analyze features of sex-pheromonal signals and its consequent exaggeration of common olfactory organizational principles... 

Researchers have oscillated between emphasizing specificity of neurons ( labeled lines ) and responses to a spectrum of tastants by one cell. More recently, patterns of activation of a number of sensory cells are favored for coding specific taste sensations (Smith and Margolskee, 2001). Neural distinction of different tastes requires simultaneous activation of different cell types. The brain receives a single channel of information, simply bitter for a number of different compounds. 

Do they offer any value-added services Will they help with advertising and promotion, provide inventory reports and analyses, or assist with pharmacy layout and design Do they offer a private-label line of products ... 

At first glance, labeled-line coding of olfactory signals may seem in contrast to the ensemble or across-fiber code (Shepherd, 1985) where complex mixtures of odorants or even individual odorant components are perceived as patterns of activity across an ensemble of neurons and AL glomeruli. However, recent experiments examining odor coding of individual ORNs in Drosophila and mammalian olfactory systems demonstrate that individual ORNs are capable of a wide spectrum of responses. In the fly, a particular odor can excite one neuron while inhibiting another, and a particular neuron can be excited by one odor and... 

Shepherd G. (1985) Are there labeled lines in the olfactory pathway In Taste, Olfaction and the Central Nervous System, ed. D. Pfaff, pp. 307-321. Rockefeller Press, New York. 

ESR is very useful in the study of dynamic properties of membrane components because of its high sensitivity and favorable time scale. Early ESR studies of short-range lateral diffusion in membranes were based on Heisenberg exchange (HE) effects of nitroxide spin-label line width. The HE contribution to the ESR linewidth is given for nitroxides by = )dDNACf, where d is the encounter dis-... 

I]ISA-labeled line-10 tumor cells 5 x 10 cells/ml in Hanks balanced salt solution (HESS)... 

Figure 7 Rubidium versus caesium concentrations in loess samples. Short line is linear regression of data, thin, labeled lines represent constant Rb/Cs ratios. Symbols for crustal models and data sources as in Figure 6.

Control is transferred to the label (line number or label) determined by the value of expression. Expression is any expression that evaluates to a number if not an integer, it is rounded to the nearest whole number. The number must be between 0 cind 255. 

Fig. 2. Unpolarized Raman spectra of purified films of C o and C70 on suprasil substrates with a and b corresponding to mass spectra a and b shown in fig. 1. The labelled lines in spectra a and b are assigned to Cjo and C o, respectively. In both spectra the intensity of the line at 1469 cm is normalized to 100.

Craig AD. 2003. Pain mechanisms labeled lines versus convergence in central processing. Annu Rev Neurosci 26 1-30. 

Any particle or hole line which is labelled is not summed over and is not regarded as equivalent to any unlabelled line or any labelled line with a different label. 

Equation (10-13) is an operating line for the two passing streams V -2 and L -i. The equation, which is a three-point equation of a straight line on a Ponchon diagram, states that the points (hp - qp, Xp), (H 2, y 2), and (h -i, x i) lie on the same straight line, since the slopes between these pairs of points are equal, and the two lines have one point y -2) in common. If all phases are saturated, then the points denoting streams V -i and L i lie on the saturated vapor and liquid lines, respectively. In Fig. 10.6 the line satisfying the conditions of (10-13) is labeled Line 1. 

One of the goals in gustatory neurobiology is to understand how information about taste stimuli is encoded in neural activity. The taste is defined by two parameters taste primary and intensity (stimulus concentration). Historically, there have been two major theories of neural coding in the taste system. These are the labeled line (Frank 1973) and across fibre (or neuron) (Erickson et al. 1965) pattern theories. Both of these theories are focused on the spatial representations of neuronal activity. 

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