Pressure tests

Condensers handling dangerous fluids must be subjected to hydraulic tests, even after carrying out radiography for welded joints. Outlet nozzles for condensed liquids should have gussets for reinforcement and heating/jackets or steam-tracing pipes if 

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There are numerous tests for characterizing the mechanicai properties of iubricants cone penetration of greases, extreme pressure tests (as in the four-ball test), etc. 

Production testing and bottom hoie pressure testing... 

The purpose of the well completion is to provide a safe conduit for fluid flow from the reservoir to the flowline. The perforations in the casing are typically achieved by running a perforating gun into the well on electrical wireline. The gun is loaded with a charge which, when detonated, fires a high velocity jet through the casing and on into the formation for a distance of around 15-30 cm. In this way communication between the wellbore and the reservoir is established. Wells are commonly perforated after the completion has been installed and pressure tested. 

Due to the fact, that AE by its peculiarities can be used to prevent catastrophic failure of structures and control the application of load, the higher risk of a pneumatic pressure test can be reduced significantly by the monitoring the structure during the loading by AE. 

Before the performance of the loading we have to apply 5 up to 12 sensors, according their size, on the cylindrical part of the drums and after a short check of the required sensitivity and the wave propagation the pneumatic pressure test monitored by AE can be performed. The selection of the sensors and their positions was performed earlier in pre-tests under the postulate, that the complete cylinder can be tested with the same sensitivity, reliability and that furthermore the localisation accuracy of defects in the on-line- and the post analysis is sufficient for the required purpose. For the flat eovers, which will be tested by specific sensors, the geometrical shape is so complicated, that we perform in this case only a defect determination with a kind of zone-location. 

The main goal during the pneumatic test (loading and pressure holds) is to have a pre-warning system against any catastrophic failure during the pneumatic loading (gas pressure test).(4)... 

Radiographic inspection is considered as a legal alternative for pressure testing of petrochemical installations. It has the major advantage that it does not require shutdown of the installation. Other NDT techniques such as ultra-sound or eddy-current may be used alternatively or complementary. 

Fig. 18. Repeated pressure tests on autofrettaged EN25 steel cylinders, k = 2.25, with cross-bores (86,96). A, Autofrettaged at 324 MPa ...

Factory Mutual provides loss prevention data sheets that explain how to protect buildings from wind damage. Pressure coefficients that define increased uplift at corners and edges adjust the calculated uplift pressures. A laboratory uplift pressure test rates roofing assemblies. An uplift pressure of 2.9 kPa (0.42 psi) must be withstood under FM conditions to meet the Class 1-60 requirements. The FM approval guide is revised aimuaHy (37). 

Water resistance test methods include AATCC 127 (hydrostatic pressure test), AATCC 42 (impact penetration test), and AATCC 35 (rain test). In the hydrostatic pressure test, a sample is subjected to a column of increasing water pressure until leakage occurs. The impact penetration test requires water to be sprayed on the taut surface of a fabric sample from a height of two feet. The fabric is backed by a blotter of predeterrnined weight, which is reweighed after water penetration. The rain test is similar in principle to the impact penetration test. 

The hydrostatic-pressure test is performed on fabric mounted under the orifice of a conical weU. The fabric is subjected to increasing water pressure at a constant rate until leakage occurs at three poiats on the fabric s undersurface. The rating is the height of the water head ia centimeters above the fabric (AATCC Test Method 127 INDA Standard Test 80.4-92). 

Pressure Testing Prior to initial operation, installed piping shall be pressure-tested to assure tightness except as permitted for Category D fluid service described later. The pressure test shall be maintained for a sufficient time to determine the presence of any leaks but not less than 10 min. 

If repairs or additions are made following the pressure tests, the affected piping shall be retested except that, in the case of minor repairs or additions, the owner may waive retest requirements when precautionary measures are taken to assure sound construction. 

When pressure tests are conducted at metal temperatures near the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of the material, the possibility of brittle fracture shall be considered. 

Piping required to have a sensitive leak test shall be tested by the gas- and bubble-formation testing method specified in Art. 10, Sec. V of the ASME Code or by another method demonstrated to have equal or greater sensitivity. The sensitivity of the test shall be at least (100 Pa mL)/s [(10 atm mL)/s] under test conditions. If a hydrostatic pressure test is used, it shall be carried out after the sensitive leak test. 

Deflagration Arrester Testing For end-of-line and tank vent flame arresters, approval agencies may require manufacturers to provide users with data for flow capacity at operating pressures, proof of success during an endurance burn or continuous flame test, evidence of flashback test results (for end-of-hne arresters) or explosion test results (for in-line or tank vent arrester applications), hydrauhc pressure test results, and results of a corrosion test. 

Pressure testing of the finned oil cooler in Fig. 15.29 revealed leaks. Examination of the interior of the cooler after sectioning in the vicinity of the leaks revealed a small cavity in the weld zone in the corner of some fins (Fig. 15.14) and porous areas inside the channel in the welded zone in other fins. Microstructural examinations of specimens cut through the sites revealed interconnected voids resulting from either shrinkage during solidification of the weld or lack of fusion of the base metal and weld metal. 

Implement procedures for leak/pressure testing of jacket, coil or heat exchanger prior to operation... 

Use hoses rated for required maximum system pressure and pressure test before use... 

Leaks in various Periodic replacement of components system compo-. pressure test all lines nents, hoses, valves swivel insure proper materials of construction joints in arm, lance, etc. CCPS G-3 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-29... 

Pressure test equipment prior to each use or change of service... 

All components such as stator housing, end shields, terminal box and covers etc. are pressure tested before use. 

They ean be vaeiium- and pressure-tested before installation. 

Excessive pressure during pressure test can collapse floats and wreck level-measuring device if unit is not suitably protected. 

Pressure Testing, Cleaning, Flushing, Drying, and Purging... 

Pressure test piping and equipment Flush and clean piping and equipment Drain water to prevent freezing Blow out piping Continuity testing with air... 

These three checklists concern utilities, pressure testing/purging," and mechanical equipment. See Tables 1 and 2 and the list following the tables. 

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