Outlet nozzle

To lessen the risk of pumping sludges or slurries into a unit, the practice is to leave a safety margin of 50 cm (heel) below the outlet nozzle or install a strainer on the pump suction line. The deposits accumulate with time and the tanks are periodically emptied and cleaned. 

Eig. 19. CME monopolar electrolyzer a, membrane b, cathode element c, half-cathode element d, current distributor e. Teflon tube f, CI2 + depleted brine manifold g, conductor rod h, CI2 + depleted brine outlet nozzle i, base frame j, recycled NaOH manifold k, recycled NaOH inlet nozzle 1, gasket (the gasket-to-element ratio is quite small) m, tie rod n, anode element o, H2 + NaOH manifold p, end plate, q, under cell bus bar (simplifies piping... 

Mercury vapor discharge from vents of reactors or storage tanks at normal atmospheric pressure is controlled readily by means of activated carbon. Standard units (208-L (55-gal) dmms) of activated carbon equipped with proper inlet and outlet nozzles can be attached to each vent. To minimize the load on the carbon-absorbing device, a small water-cooled condenser is placed between the vent and the absorber. 

Process simulators stop generally at the process specifications for the equipment. For the detailed mechanical design of the equipment, such as heat exchangers and distillation columns, stand-alone programs are often used. They make process calculations, size the equipment, calculate thermal and mechanical stresses, design mechanical support of the parts of the equipment, design inlet and outlet nozzles, etc. 

Sampie Specifications 15 in. (38.1 cm) diameter aluminum ring the ring has a rectangular cross section measuring 1 x 2 in. (214 x 5 cm) the ring is fitted with a series of brass inlet and outlet nozzles... 

Provide inlet and outlet nozzles at one end, and an internal flat cone (see Figure 1). 

Inlet and outlet nozzles sized for pump discharge. 

But the outlet nozzle size of the safety valve is 6 in. Schedule 40. Hence, 6 in., will be minimum line size. (This is normal practice.)... 

The vessel is a 15 ft high cylinder with a diameter of 16.25 ft constructed of half-in thick, type 304 stainless steel plate. Six outlet nozzles are uniformly spaced around the circumterence at the bottom, and six tapered inlet nozzles are uniformly spaced around the circumference of the water plenum at the top of the vessel. The primary water system PWS contains 40,000 gal of DjO 24,000 gal in the re tank and 16,000 gal in the piping system. Each of the six primary loi ted... 

Nozzles should be sized according to pipe sizing criteria, such as those provided in API RP 14E. The outlet nozzle is generally the same size as the inlet nozzle. To prevent baffle destruction due to impingement, the entering fluid velocity is to be limited as ... 

As liquid flows out of the exit nozzle, it will swirl and create a vortex. Vortexing would carry the gas out with the liquid. Therefore, all liquid outlet nozzles should be equipped with a vortex breaker. Figure 12-0 shows several vortex breaker designs. Additional designs can be found in the Pressure Vessel Handbook. Most designs depend on baffles around or above the outlet to prevent swirling. 

Note when used for pump system balance, this Zhf must be used as a negative number ( — 0.1863) because it is a pressure loss associated with the fluid flowing. For pipe line sizing, the pressure head on the tank of 5 psig and any elevation difference between tank outlet nozzle and pump suction centerline do not enter into the calculations. 

The same results can be achieved with internal flat plate baffles and outlet nozzles. 

In order to handle higher loads, the liquid baffle is placed at the top to collect liquid and cause it to drop back down through the gas body. If the baffle is omitted, the liquid will run dowm the oudet pipe and be sw ept into the outlet nozzle by the outgoing gas as shown in Figure 4-50B. Figure 4-50 and 4-51 show several alternate entrance and exit details. The unit with a tangential entry is 30%-60% more efficient than one with only a turned-down 90° elbow in the center. 

Ceramic, plastic and other non-metal tower shells are used quite often (Figures 9-3, 4, and 5). It is important to consider in ceramic construction that the main inlet or outlet nozzles or any other large connections should be oriented 90° to each other to reduce the possibility of cracking the walls, as most cracks go one-half diameter. Preferably there should only be one nozzle at any one horizontal plane. The nozzles should never carry any piping or other stress load. 

Backing Ring. on Outlet Nozzle (not shown). For Single Pass Tube Bundle. 

Couplings are handy to have on the process inlet and outlet nozzles on both the tube and shell sides. These may be used for flushing, sampling, or thermometer wells, thermocouple bulbs, or pressure gages. 

Liquid mixture in, D = (vapor outlet nozzle) size... 

Final Trial 24-in. O.D. shell, 6-in. inlet and 10-in.outlet nozzles. 

In practice, the distance travelled by the vapour will be less than the vessel length, Lv, as the vapour inlet and outlet nozzles will be set in from the ends. This could be allowed for in the design but will make little difference. 

The tube layout for a particular design will normally be planned with the aid of computer programs. These will allow for the spacing of the pass partition plates and the position of the tie rods. Also, one or two rows of tubes may be omitted at the top and bottom of the bundle to increase the clearance and flow area opposite the inlet and outlet nozzles. 

Another source of pressure drop will be the flow expansion and contraction at the exchanger inlet and outlet nozzles. This can be estimated by adding one velocity head for the inlet and 0.5 for the outlet, based on the nozzle velocities. 

An even number of tube passes is usually the preferred arrangement, as this positions the inlet and outlet nozzles at the same end of the exchanger, which simplifies the pipework. Start with one shell pass and 2 tube passes. 

The tube velocity needs to be reduced. This will reduce the heat transfer coefficient, so the number of tubes must be increased to compensate. There will be a pressure drop across the inlet and outlet nozzles. Allow 0.1 bar for this, a typical figure (about 15% of the total) which leaves 0.7 bar across the tubes. Pressure drop is roughly proportional... 

Allow a drop of 0.1 bar for the shell inlet and outlet nozzles, leaving 0.7 bar for the shell-side flow. So, to keep within the specification, the shell-side velocity will have to be reduced by around J(1/2) = 0.707. To achieve this the baffle spacing will need to be increased to 100/0.707 = 141, say 140 mm. 

An estimate of the pressure loss incurred in the shell inlet and outlet nozzles must be added to that calculated by equation 12.37 see Section 12.9.3. 

The spacing in the end zones will often be increased to provide more flow area at the inlet and outlet nozzles. The velocity in these zones will then be lower and the heat transfer and pressure drop will be reduced slightly. The effect on pressure drop will be more marked than on heat transfer, and can be estimated by using the actual spacing in the end zone when calculating the cross-flow velocity in those zones. 

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