Pressure protection system

Complete the conceptual design requirements for a SIL 3 High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) required to protect a main separator fed from multiple well heads from over pressuring. A simplified P ID for the installation is shown in Figure 13-22. 

Risk assessments for high integrity pressure protection system by using layer of protection analysis... 

To estimate the rate of DU-failures is a challenging task. First, DU-failures are rare events since the SIS is designed for high reliability. Second, there may be only a few components of the same type for observation. Whereas an installation may have more than 100 fire detectors, the number of certain valves, for example high integrity pressure protection system (HIPPS) valves, may be limited to one or two. 

High-pressure trip High integrity pressure protection system—an active and preventive protection layer. 

HIPPS High integrity pressure protection system... 

The main duty on manufacturers or suppliers is to ensure that equipment destined for use in potentially explosive atmospheres satisfies relevant Essential Health and Safety Requirements, which are listed in Schedule 3 of the Regulations. The Requirements relate to three groups common requirements, supplementary requirements for equipment, and supplementary requirements for protective systems. Protective systems are defined as design units which are intended to halve incipient explosions immediately and/or to limit the effective range of explosion flames and explosion pressures. Protective systems may be integrated into equipment or separately placed on the market for use as autonomous systems. 

Heat Flux the rate of heat transfer per unit area normal to the direction of heat flow. It is the total heat transmitted by radiation, conduction, and convection HIPS an acronym for High Integrity Protective System. Is a set of components, such as sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements (e.g., valves), arranged for the purpose of reverting a process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are violated. Sometimes also referred to as HIPPS, High Integrity Pressure Protective System... 

Make use of fire and high-pressure protection systems for controlling struck-by and fire hazards. 

Broadly speaking, safety instrumentation falls into two categories safety instmmented systems (SISs) and high integrity protection systems with its subset of high integrity pressure protection systems (HIPPSs) that are used to protect specifically against overpressure. 

A High Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS) is a particular type of SIS that prevents overpressure scenarios. It shuts off the source of high pressure before the safe upper limit is reached. It is a barrier between high- and low-... 

High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS),... 

Dow Fire and Explosion Index. The Dow Eire and Explosion Index (3) is a procedure usehil for determining the relative degree of hazard related to flammable and explosive materials. This Index form works essentially the same way as an income tax form. Penalties are provided for inventory, extended temperatures and pressures, reactivity, etc, and credits are appHed for fire protection systems, process control (qv), and material isolation. The complete procedure is capable of estimating a doUar amount for the maximum probable property damage and the business intermptionloss based on an empirical correlation provided with the Index. 

A Russian ammonia pipeline of nearly 2400 km extends from Togliatti on the Volga River to the Port of Odessa on the Black Sea, and a 2200-km, 250-mm dia branch line extends from Godovka in the Ukraine to Panioutino. The pipeline is constmcted of electric-resistance welded steel pipe with 7.9-mm thick walls but uses seamless pipe with 12.7-mm thick walls for river crossings. The pipeline is primed and taped with two layers of polyethylene tape and suppHed with a cathodic protection system for the entire pipeline. Mainline operating pressure is 8.15 MPa (1182 psi) and branch-line operating pressure is 9.7 MPa (1406 psi) (11). 

Cyclohexylamine is miscible with water, with which it forms an azeotrope (55.8% H2O) at 96.4°C, making it especially suitable for low pressure steam systems in which it acts as a protective film-former in addition to being a neutralizing amine. Nearly two-thirds of 1989 U.S. production of 5000 —6000 t/yr cyclohexylamine serviced this appHcation (69). Carbon dioxide corrosion is inhibited by deposition of nonwettable film on metal (70). In high pressure systems CHA is chemically more stable than morpholine [110-91-8] (71). A primary amine, CHA does not directiy generate nitrosamine upon nitrite exposure as does morpholine. CHA is used for corrosion inhibitor radiator alcohol solutions, also in paper- and metal-coating industries for moisture and oxidation protection. 

Where hazardous conditions can develop within a process, a protective system of some type must be provided. Sometimes these are in the form of process hardware such as pressure rehef devices. However, sometimes logic must be provided for the specific purpose of taking the process to a state where the hazardous condition cannot exist. The term safety interlock. system is normally used to designate such logic. 

Critical Equipment Equipment, instrumentation, controls, or systems whose malfunction or failure would likely result in a catastrophic release of highly hazardous chemicals, or whose proper operation is required to mitigate the consequences of such release. (Examples are most safety systems, such as area LEL monitors, fire protection systems such as deluge or underground systems, and key operational equipment usually handling high pressures or large volumes.)... 

As a rule, steam systems do not require special vacuum protection, since they are normally capable of withstanding vacuum developed if steam generation should fail and residual steam condense. However, low-pressure steam systems should be examined. 

Another aspect of the response to plant transients is the effective use of the emergency procedures. The process worker needs training in order to be able to apply these procedures correctly under time pressure. Conditions of entry or transfer to other procedures, profitability-safety requirements, and the response of the automatic protection systems need to be learned extensively in training exercises. 

Pressure Straight Sectiont 4.2.4.2 Protection Systems-Rre-Fire Water... 

Integral safety relief valve works to protect system against excessive pressure. 

For most low-pressure air systems, the flow is through sheet metal duct, either circular or rectangular. For very large flows and/or pressures higher than light gage duct work can withstand, the duct is usually made of fahricated metal plate and in some instances may he coated or lined for protection from corrosive process gases. 

The high-pressure oil flows in piping through a control valve. The control valve changes the direction of oil flow. A relief valve, set at a desired, safe operating pressure, protects the system from an over pressure condition. The oil that enters the cylinder acts on the piston, with the pressure acting over the area of the piston, developing a force on the piston rod. The force on the piston rod enables the movement of a load or device. 

In addition, high temperature surfaces around cylinders and discharge piping are exposed. Compressors are notoriously noisy. For this reason, ear protection should be worn. When working around high-pressurized air systems, wear safety glasses and do not search for leaks with... 

Turbo-alternators These find an application in pipeline cathodic protection systems, particularly where the liquid or gaseous product in the pipeline can be used as a fuel. The turbo-alternator is usually supplied as part of a complete and fully assembled package incorporating fuel pressure controls, filters, a.c./d.c. conversion and d.c. output controls. System capacity would typically fall within the range 200-3(XX)W. 

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