Preparation of Study Reports

After each development stage (Section 4.1) the existing knowledge should be documented and the status of the process evaluated. This involves preparing study reports and is now standard in many enterprises. At this stage it is necessary to answer the question posed in Chapter 1 Introduction as to whether the process is better, cheaper and faster than that of the competitors. 

The study report documents knowledge about the status of the development of a process after specified time intervals or specified development stages to provide the basis for making a decision. The objective of the study report is to answer three important questions  

At least four project study reports must be completed in the course of the development of a process  

A study report should include the following items  

The level to which the experimental details have been worked out. 

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We wish to express onr appreciation to the members of the committee— particnlarly Frank P. Crimi, who took the lead for the study— for their contributions to the preparation of this report by collecting significant data and information, making site visits to JACADS and other facilities under construction or in operation, and writing the report. The committee is also grateful to the Office of the lAogram Manager for Chemical Demilitarization and its contractors for the useful information they provided. 

The Council wishes to express its gratitude to the members of the Thsk Group and the Study Group for the time and effort devoted to the preparation of this report. 

Also included are analyses of studies reporting distinctive immunochemical properties as well as physical properties of enzymes prepared from several organs. Separate sections are concerned with electrophoretic data and heat sensitivity. 

Annexes 5.1 and 12.1 give examples of reporting forms elaborated in BCR (Bureau Communautaire de Reference) for the certification of inorganic and organic parameters in environmental matrices. They may be used as a basis to prepare reporting forms for all type of interlaboratory studies. The elaborate questions listed in the forms are intended to remind the participant of important parameters, which affect the quality of the final result. They can also be used in the technical discussion with the other participants when differences in results are noticed. Finally, they form the basic information for the preparation of certification reports in case certification is considered (see chapter 5). 

The storage and reactivity of electroactive molecules in polymerized diacetylene vesicles was the subject of studies reported by Stanish, Singh, and coworkers [109, 110], They entrapped ferricyanide in large unilamellar vesicles of photopolymerized PCg PC (1 - palmitoyl - 2 - (tricosa - 10,12-diynoyl)-OT-glycero-3-phosphocholine). Cyclic voltammetry was used to demonstrate that the ferricyanide was electrochem-ically isolated by the poly(lipid) bilayer [110]. At pH7 and 25°C, an anomalously long half-life of 2.4 weeks was calculated for Fe (CN)g- retention in polymerized vesicles. In a subsequent study [109], vesicles with entrapped ferricyanide were prepared from 2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-OT-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DCs.gPC) doped with a disulfide-capped lipid (Af-3-(pyridyl-2-dithio)propionyl-2-... 

This study was initiated by the author at the Pennsylvania State University and is now carried on at Rutgers-The State University, supported by a grant from the oflBce of Water Resources Research, Department of the Interior. The author wishes to express his sincere thanks to H. L. Motto, Rutgers University, for his critical review and comments in the preparation of this report. 

The aim of our contribution is to outline important recent advances and applications achieved in the area of solid state NMR based on the literature published between July 2003 and June 2004. A very large number of papers making use of solid state NMR techniques have been published during this period, however, not all of these papers have been included in this report. Specifically, over 700 references that included solid state NMR and related terms either in the title or in the keywords were initially retrieved for the preparation of this report, and approximately half of these were included in the final report. In choosing sources for this report we have aimed at highlighting publications that uses solid state NMR as the only or the primary technique for structural and/or dynamics studies of solid materials as well as those that have applied the technique in an innovative manner. In selecting references, we have also aimed at illustrating diversity of problems and subject areas covered by modern solid state NMR applications. 

The technical progress covered in this report includes descriptions of work on preparation of final report on lEA Annex II Subtask 2 activities, start-up activities of Subtask 6, and preparation of samples for interlaboratory comparison study. 

The Reactor Safety Study was prompted in part by a request from Senator John Pastore for a comprehensive assessment of reactor safety. The AEC s first response to this request was the WASH-1250 report entitled The Reactor Safety Study of Nuclear Power Reactors (Light Water-Cooled) and Related Facilities, which was published in final form in July 1973. However, WASH-1250 did not provide a probabilistic assessment of risk as requested in Senator Pastore s letter. At the time, relevant probabilistic estimates were quite limited in scope and/or highly subjective. For example, in a policy paper dated November 15, 1971, to the commissioners proposing an approach to the preparation of environmental reports, the regulatory staff estimated that the probability of accidents leading to substantial core meltdown was 10 per reactor-year. In retrospect, this was a highly optimistic estimate, but it typifies the degree to which meltdown accidents were considered "not credible."... 

Health and Safety Factors. Animal-feeding studies of DMPPO itself have shown it to be nontoxic on ingestion. The solvents, catalyst, and monomers that are used to prepare the polymers, however, should be handled with caution. Eor example, for the preparation of DMPPO, the amines used as part of the catalyst are flammable toxic on ingestion, absorption, and inhalation and are also severe skin and respiratory irritants (see Amines). Toluene, a solvent for DMPPO, is not a highly toxic material in inhalation testing the TLV (71) is set at 375 mg/m, and the lowest toxic concentration is reported to be 100—200 ppm (72). Toxicity of 2,6-dimethylphenol is typical of alkylphenols (qv), eg, for mice, the acute dermal toxicity is LD q, 4000 mg/kg, whereas the acute oral toxicity is LD q, 980 mg/kg (73). The Noryl blends of DMPPO and polystyrene have PDA approval for reuse food apphcations. 

Aledicine. A wide variety of alkaloids (qv) contain the quinoline ring system this fact accounts, in large measure, for the extensive synthetic research reported (107). In addition to the naturally occurring compounds, a large number of synthetic quinolines, eg, (22) and (23), have been prepared and studied for use in medicine. Table 3 presents selected examples. 

The fdr studies reveal that the alkyl chains in SAMs of thiolates on Au(lll) usually are tilted 26-28° from the surface normal, and display 52-55° rotation about the molecular axis. This tilt is a result of the chains reestabUshing VDW contact in an assembly with - 0.5 nm S—S distance, larger than the distance of - 0.46 nm, usually quoted for perpendicular alkyl chains in a close-packed layer. On the other hand, thiolate monolayers on Ag(lll) are more densely packed owing to the shorter S—S distance. There were a number of different reports on chain tilt in SAMs on Ag(lll), probably owing to different amounts of oxide, formed on the clean metallic surface (229,230,296,297). In carefully prepared SAMs of alkanethiolates on a clean Ag(lll) surface, the alkyl chains are practically perpendicular to the surface. 

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