Vesicle large unilamellar

Kao, Y. J., and Juliano, R. L. (1981). Interaction of liposomes with the reticuloendothelial system Effects of blockade on the clearance of large unilamellar vesicles, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 677, 453-461. 

Mayer, L. D., Bally, M. B., Hope, M. J., and Cullis, P. R. (1985b). Uptake of antineoplastic agents into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a membrane potential, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 816. 294-302. 

Wessmann, G. (1978). Comparison of large unilamellar vesicles prepared by a petroleum ether vaporization method with multila-mellar vesicles ESR, diffusion and entrapment analyses, Bio-chim. Biophys. Acta. 542, 137-153. 

Liposomes are formed due to the amphiphilic character of lipids which assemble into bilayers by the force of hydrophobic interaction. Similar assemblies of lipids form microspheres when neutral lipids, such as triglycerides, are dispersed with phospholipids. Liposomes are conventionally classified into three groups by their morphology, i.e., multilamellar vesicle (MLV), small unilamellar vesicle (SUV), and large unilamellar vesicle (LUV). This classification of liposomes is useful when liposomes are used as models for biomembranes. However, when liposomes are used as capsules for drugs, size and homogeneity of the liposomes are more important than the number of lamellars in a liposome. Therefore, "sized" liposomes are preferred. These are prepared by extrusion through a polycarbonate... 

LUVs Large unilamellar vesicles 100-1000 nm, large trapped volume ... 

Rengel, D., A. Diez-Navajas, A. Sema-Rico, P. Veiga, A. Muga, and J.C. Milicua. 2000. Exogenously incorporated ketocarotenoids in large unilamellar vesicles. Protective activity against peroxidation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1463 179-187. 

Liposomes, also known as lipid vesicles, are aqueous compartments enclosed by lipid bilayer membranes [56,57]. Figure 10.11 shows how lipid bilayers are arranged in the liposome and the lipid structures in large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Lipids consist of two components ... 

Suv, small unilamellare vesicles luv, large unilamellare vesicles mlv, multilamellare vesicles mvv, multivesiculare vesicles (Fig. 4 from [1.34]). 

Moyano F, Biasutti MA, Silber JJ, Correa NM (2006) New insights on the behavior of PRODAN in homogeneous media and in large unilamellar vesicles. J Phys Chem B 110 11838-11846... 

Madden ThD, Harrigan PR, et al. The accumulation of drugs within large unilamellar vesicles exhihibiting a proton gradient a survey. Chem Phys Lipids 1990 53 37-46. 

THE FORMATION OF LARGE UNILAMELLAR VESICLES BY EXTRUSION METHODS... 

Preparation of Sphingomyelin Cholesterol (55 45) Large Unilamellar Vesicle by Extrusion... 

Figure 1 Freeze-fracture electron micrographs of egg phosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles prepared by extrusion through polycarbonate filters with pore sizes of (A) 400 nm, (B) 200 run, (Q 100 nm, (D) 50 nm, and (E) 30 nm. The bar in panel (A) represents 150nm. Source From Ref. 7.

DSPC/Chol (55 45) LUVs (diameter = 100 nm) are prepared as described in section Preparation of Sphingomyelin/Cholesterol (55 45) Large Unilamellar Vesicle by Extrusion [(Lipid) = 20 mM, volume = 5mL], using 350 mM citrate pH 4.0 as the hydration buffer, and 20 mM HEPES 1.50 mM NaCl pH 7.5 (HEPES-buffered saline) as the external buffer. In this case, the pH gradient is formed during the final dialysis step. It would also be possible to omit the final dialysis step and form the pH gradient by one of two common column methods. This could be desirable if the LUV... 

Figure 2 (A) Effect of incubation temperature on uptake of doxorubicin into 200 nm EPC/cholesterol (55 45 mol/mol) large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) exhibiting a transmembrane pH gradient (pH 4 inside, 7.8 outside). Doxorubicin was added to LUVs (D/L = 0.3 wt wt) equilibrated at 21°C, 37°C, and 60°C. (B) Effect of cholesterol on the uptake of doxorubicin at 20 into lOOnm LUVs exhibiting a transmembrane pH gradient (pH 4.6 inside, 7.5 outside). Lipid compositions were EPC and EPC/cholesterol (1 1 mol/mol). The initial drug-to-lipid ratio was 100 nmol/pmol. Source Prom Refs. 12 (A), 21 (B).

Remote Loading of Ciprofloxacin into SPM/Cholesterol Large Unilamellar Vesicles... 

The initial mixture and each time point are then assayed for ciprofloxacin and lipid. Lipid can be quantified using the phosphate assay (64,65) or by liquid scintillation counting. Ciprofloxacin is quantified by an absorbance assay following removal of drug from lipid by a Bligh-Dyer extraction procedure (78) (see below). The percent uptake is determined as described in the section Remote Loading of Doxorubicin into DSPC/Cholesterol (55 45) Large Unilamellar Vesicle. ... 

Hope MJ, Bally MB, Webb G, Cullis PR. Production of large unilamellar vesicles by a rapid extrusion procedure, characterization of size distribution, trapped volume and ability to maintain a membrane potential. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985 812 55. 

Mayer LD, Bally MB, Cullis PR. Uptake of adriamycin into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a pH gradient. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986 857 123. 

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