Powdered detergents factors

If the new niche for the perfume is its use in cosmetics, toiletries or household product, then the niche-product interaction becomes very important. Perfumes are used specifically for their odor whereas in these new niches several new factors must be considered. For example, the perfume oil used in creams must not cause discoloration the fragrance used in a powdered detergent must be alkali resistant a fabric softener is expected to leave clothes with a pleasant odor and even a household cleanser must have a pleasant and functional odor, although active chlorine places difficulty on the stability of the perfume oil. Of course, decisions can affect or modify the product (perfume) or the niche (e.g. creams). 

In addition to detergency performance and feedstock economics, other factors related to the processing of these powder formulations must be considered, such as sulfonation/sulfation, crutcher slurry preparation, and spray drying. AS and AES are thermally and hydrolytically less stable than LAS. Care must be taken in spray drying to avoid decomposition and pluming problems. This may place a limitation on the levels of AS and AES in spray-dried laundry powders. 

Some quality factors, especially secondary ones, depend directly on material or structural attributes of the product. These product quality factors are often arbitrary and can only be qualitatively evaluated by panels of consumers or experts. Convenience for use, product stability, and ability for human skin protection are all examples of these quality factors. Each arbitrary performance index has specific relationships with the material/structural attributes. In such cases, the desirable quality factor can be realized by directly changing the formulation without concerning any of the performance indices. An example can be that to make a laundry detergent product more convenient to use, the product form can be changed from powder to tablet. Another example is that to make a highly biodegradable product, surfactants with less branching should be used. 

Spray-dried powders are formulated to give the best overall cleaning performance and flow characteristics at the lowest possible formulation costs. Typical spray-dried detergent formulations are shown in Table 36.6. Slurry preparation is considered to be the single most important factor in spray drying. Control of the raw material order of addition, slurry solids level, slurry temperature, viscosity, and aeration enable manufacturers to deliver the desired final product characteristics. The spray tower itself is simply a contained heat source that removes moisture at a uniform rate dependent upon the quality and the quantity of feed to the dryer. If feed variables are not controlled, variability in the... 

B. Irritant contact dermatitis. Powder-free, cotton or polyethylene gloves should be worn, and the removal of irritant factors apart from gloves may be useful, e.g. improper use of strong disinfectants, alkaline detergents, unnecessary brushing, etc. 

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