Temperature Powder Detergent

Recommended Dilutions 2-4 oz/gallon Applications HSC, Degreaser Notes Good detergent even at temps 35C Formula LF-100 

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Phosphonates are commonly used in laundry powders at 0.5-1.0% of the powder, DTPMP and EDTMP for all uses and HEDP mostly for hardness ion control. Wash conditions for powder detergents are usually pH 9-10 and typical temperatures of 40-60 °C, although there is a strong drive to reduce this to 30 °C or even to use a cold water wash. 

Detergent enzyme performance is often reported in the form of such dose-response curves. The performance increases dramatically at the beginning, but reaches a maximum levd at higher enzyme concentrations. The extent to which the enzyme is able to remove stains from the fabric depends on the detergent system, temperature, pH, washing time, wash load, etc. Enzyme wash performance varies between liquid and powder detergents and with the composition of the soiling (Fig. 6). 

An important case is the application of enzymes in laundry detergents. Market trends in the United States show that consumers prefer liquids to powder detergents by a ratio of 2 to 1. These products are stored with no temperature control on shelves in the presence of harsh surfactants, such as linear alkylbenzyl sulfonate (LAS) and require extraordinary measures for stabilization. LAS, by its nature as an effective cleaning agent, causes surfactant-induced unfolding in proteins. There are countless examples of the development of stabilization systems in the intellectual property space. A common theme is to reduce the water activity and to use borate/glycol stabilizers that bind to the active site of proteases. 

The use of oxygen bleaches in powder detergents has a long history in Europe. As early as 1907, a mixture of perborate, silicate, and soap was sold as the first HDPD. Used at boiling temperature, it saved time and effort, and rapidly became a tremendous market success. As a consequence of the oil crisis in the 1970s, bleach activator technology was introduced, which allowed wash temperatures to be reduced from 90 to 60°C without performance shortfalls. Now more than 80% of all European HDPDs contain TAED. Properties of HDPDs and tablets are given in Table 16.3. 

Foam stabilizers, their solid form is conducive to non tacky spray dried powdered detergent formulations. Excellent foam boosters at elevated temperatures. 

Spray drying is used to dry pharmaceutical flne chemicals, foods, dairy products, blood plasma, numerous organic and inorganic chemicals, rubber latex, ceramic powders, detergents, and other products. Some of the spray-dried products are listed in Table 10.1, which also includes typical inlet and outlet moisture content and temperatures together with the atomizer type and spray dryer layout used. 

Fig. 6.12 Microscopic image of spray-dried powder (detergent, drying temperature 200°C) (Rabaeva and Zbicinski, 2010). (a) Non-foamed (b) Foamed.

For the above reasons, they are widely used in all-temperature powder laundry detergents, generally in combination with LAS as the major surfactant. They are also constitutive ingredients of general-purpose liquid cleaners, and also in combination with other anionics such as alkyl sulfates, sulfonates, or sulfosuccinates. 

A biodetergent is usually just a normal detergent which contains enzymes. However, enzymes are not thermostable and cannot be e msed to the high temperatures and humidities encountered in the powder detergent production process. Therefore, they are postadded to the spray-dried powder with other heat-sensitive ingredients, such as perfumes, bleaching... 

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