Powdered detergents introduction

Sodium sulfate is also used as a filler in powdered soap and detergents. Introduction of Hquid detergents, in which Na2S04 is not used, has also resulted in lower consumption of the sulfate. 

Heavy-duty liquid detergents (HDLDs) were introduced into the laundry market many years after the introduction of powder detergents. The first commercial heavy-duty liquid appeared in the U.S. in 1956. Liquid detergents were introduced in the Asia/Pacific region and Europe as recently as the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. A number of commercial heavy-duty liquids from the U.S., Europe, and Asia/Pacific are depicted in Figure 8.1. 

High humidity levels in powder detergents are detrimental to the lipase stability upon storage. In liquid detergents, compatibility problems with proteases exist during storage, which require the introduction of enzyme stabilizers [30]. 

The major worldwide detergent product trend is introduction and sale of powdered detergent concentrates. These laundry products, which achieved widespread market dominance in Japan in 1988, have captured sizable market acceptance in Europe, were test-marketed in the United States, and since then have been claiming an increasing share of the market in the United States. These dense products... 

The introduction of concentrated laundry detergent powders in Japan during 1986-1987 produced a substantial increase in the consumption of LAB in the subsequent 3-4 years as the market changed from low-density, spray-dried powders to the concentrated (compact) products. In these products, which may contain up to 40% surfactant, the cost/performance advantages of LAS are of significance. In addition, LAB sulfonic acid is well suited for the production of high-active, high-density (about 1.0 g/cm3) laundry powders by routes other... 

Liquid automatic dishwasher detergents (LADDs) were first introduced to the U.S. and European markets in 1986. Prior to that, all dishwasher detergents were in powder form. LADDs have slowly gained popularity since their introduction. At the same time there has been an increase in the number of households with dishwashers, especially in the U.S. and Europe. By the early 2000s about half of U.S. households had dishwashers. LADDs account for about 40% of the dishwasher detergent market 40% is accounted for by the powder form and 20% by the new unit-dosed form. 

Elucidation of photosynthesis cycle commenced Showed enzymes accelerated hydrolysis of inorganic polyphosphates Electroless plating principle utilising hypophosphite estabUshed USA - Introduction of commercial detergent powders containing sodium tripolyphosphate Isolated co-enzyme A... 

For example, surfactant systems have been changed to provide optimum performance. The introduction of new builder systems—enzymes, bleach activators, and new polymers for reduced soil redeposition—has also maximized soil removal from mixed fabric bundles during lower temperature washes in less wash water. In addition, new product forms such as concentrated liquids and powders with in-wash dosing containers have resulted in better usage and dispersion of detergent at low wash temperatures. 

In the manufacture of traditional nonunit dose detergents, the recycle or reblend of an off-specification product was an important necessity for both environmental and economic considerations but it was not an area of the process that required complex process innovation. A box of powder or a bottle of liquid may be simply opened and added back to normal production at a low level. Even with the introduction of tablets, this did not create significant difficulties since tablets are easily converted back to powder in a grinder ready for addition back to the production of fresh powder. 

Prior to the introduction of compacts, the use of enzymes in detergents was limited primarily to one class of enzymes—the proteases. Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of protein-based soils like blood and grass. Most powder and liquid laundry detergents on the market today, both low density and compacts, employ a protease [18]. Recently, protein engineering has been used to construct detergent proteases with improved stability and performance characteristics. 

Syn. Washing Agents Washing Powders G, Waschmittel E detergents, detersifs D. are solid (powder) or liquid products used for textile washing. Prior to the introduction of formulated products at the end of the 19 and the beginning of the 20 century, only - soap and soda ash were used to assist simple laundering practices. 

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