Potassium compounds, food additives

Sodium nitrate is also used in formulations of heat-transfer salts for he at-treatment baths for alloys and metals, mbber vulcanization, and petrochemical industries. A mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate is used to capture solar energy (qv) to transform it into electrical energy. The potential of sodium nitrate in the field of solar salts depends on the commercial development of this process. Other uses of sodium nitrate include water (qv) treatment, ice melting, adhesives (qv), cleaning compounds, pyrotechnics, curing bacons and meats (see Food additives), organics nitration, certain types of pharmaceutical production, refining of some alloys, recovery of lead, and production of uranium. 

Food and feed additives do not stand back with regard to the diversity of products. They extend from minerals, mainly calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, to amino acids, vitamins and natural spices. All in all, there are several hundred individual compounds used as feed and food additives. The most expensive product is saffron, made from the stigmas of the saffron crocus flower. The yearly production amounts to about 700,000 kg, and the spice is retailing for about 2500/kg. Amino acids play a big role the largest product is monosodium glutamate (MSG), with a yearly production of 1.5-2 million tons and a price of about 2.30 per kilogram, followed by L-lysine (850,000 tons/ 1.50/kg), D,L-methionine (600,000 tons/ 3/kg), L-threonine (85,000 tons, 3.40/kg), and L-tryptophane (1750 tons/ 24/kg). Major producers of... 

Bromic acid, potassium salt CCRIS 529 EEC No. E924 EINECS 231-829-8 HSDB 1253 NSC 215200 Potassium bromate UN1484, Laboratory reagent, oxidizing agent, permanent wave compounds, dough conditioner, food additive. White crystals mp = 350° d = 3.2700 soluble in H2O (8.0 g/100 ml), insoluble in EtOH. Allchem Ind Gist-Brocades Inti. 

Benzoic acid and its sodium and potassium salts pose moderate health hazards to people who work directly with them. They may cause skin, nose, and eye problems if inhaled or deposited on the body. In the form of finely divided dust, they may also pose a fire or explosive risk. Most people do not encounter any of these compounds in a form in which they pose a health risk. All three compounds are considered safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as food additives provided their concentration in foods does not exceed o.i percent. Other nations have set a safe level for the three compounds as food additives as high as... 

HCl-to relieve gaseous distress, stomach pain, and heartburn. The compound can also he used to treat potassium deficiency in the body. Some research suggests that potassium bicarbonate may help restore muscle and bone tissue, particularly in women with the degenerative bone disease osteoporosis. The compound is also used as a food additive, as a leavening agent, to maintain proper acidity in foods, to supply potassium to a diet, and to provide the bubble and fizz in carbonated drinks. 

Potassium bisulfate is used as a food additive. The compound is listed on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration s... 

Potassium bisulfate is a strong irritant to human tissue. If spilled on the skin, inhaled, or ingested, it can burn tissue causing skin rashes, sore nasal passages, irritation of the throat, and damage to the eyes. Burns of the mouth and stomach may also occur. These hazards are of concern primarily to people who work directly with the compound and do not pose a threat as a food additive. 

Potassium chloride is present in some foods in small amounts. The compound is also used as a food additive to increase the acidity and to stabilize, thicken, or soften some food products, such as jams and jellies and preserves that are artificially sweetened. Many infant formulas also contain potassium chloride. Potassium chloride is also used as a nutrient for yeast cultures and in making beer. The compound is used as a salt substitute for people who are on low-salt (meaning low-sodium) diets. Some brand names of these products are LoSalt , Reheis Less Salt Blend , and Morton Lite Salt . 

Potassium iodate, KIO3, the most thermodynamically stable and naturally occurring compound of polyvalent iodine, has found some application as a dietary supplement and a food additive. It can be used as a source of iodine in iodized salt and also as a dough conditioner [3]. In fact, because potassium iodate is more stable than iodide in the presence of air, most health authorities preferentially recommend iodate as an additive to salt for correcting iodine deficiency. Iodate is rapidly reduced to iodide in the body iodide is essential for thyroid function. However, high levels of iodate (0.600 mg per day) have been shown to cause damage to the retina, resulting in ocular toxicity [4]. The recommended level of iodine in iodized salt is between 20 and... 

Acesulfame-K. Acesulfame-K [55589-62-3] (4), the potassium salt of acesulfame [33665-90-6] (6-methyl-l,2,3-oxathiaziQ-4(3ff)-one 2,2-dioxide), is a sweetener that resembles saccharin in stmcture and taste profile. 5,6-Dimethyl-l,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3ff)-one 2,2-dioxide, the first of many sweet compounds belonging to the dihydrooxathia2inone dioxide class, was discovered accidentally in 1967 (63). From these many sweet compounds, acesulfame was chosen for commercialisation. To improve water solubiUty, the potassium salt was made. Acesulfame-K (trade name Sunette) was approved for dry product use in the United States in 1988 and in Canada in October, 1994. Later, it was approved by the FDA for additional food categories such as yogurts, frosen and refrigerated desserts, and baked goods. 

Moreover, DCQAs (1,5-, 3,4- and 4,5-DCQAs), with antioxidative activity, have been isolated from the leaves of garland (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) [113], The garland Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) has been regarded as a health food in East Asia because the edible portions, such as leaf and stem, contain abundant -carotene, iron potassium, calcium, and dietary fiber. In addition to these common nutrients, some compounds responsible for the chemoprevention of cancers and other diseases are thought to be contained in garland. The antioxidative activity of DCQAs has been assayed by the decay curves of P-carotene. The antioxidative ability of 1 pg/ml these compounds are nearly equal to that of 0.1 pg/ml 3-/er/-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA). 

Inorganic Requirements.—Various inorganic constituents must also be present in the fermenting liquor. Some of these, phosphates in particular, play a part in the mechanism of fermentation. Others are necessary to provide food for the yeast, nitrogen compounds, calcium, potassium and manganese, etc. In addition there is a still incompletely defined compound called bios which appears to be essential to success. Most of these are present in sufficient amounts in the raw materials of the fermentation industry although it is probable that close study of their occurrence might be rewarded by increased yields and/or improved products. 

The need for sulfur dioxide in the free state was pointed out by Hailer (1911), who examined the growth-inhibiting and lethal effects of sulfurous acid, its sodium and potassium salts, and several of its addition compounds, on microorganisms such as those commonly encountered in food products. The bacteria used were found to be very sensitive to the presence of sulfurous acid in the nutrient medium, the yeasts were consider-... 

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