Antimony Potassium Tartrate

It is oxidized to antimony pentoxide, 86205 on treatment with nitric acid and forms potassium antimony tartrate (tartar emetic, KSb(OH)2 C4H2O6) when heated with acid potassium tartrate. 

Antimony test. To 100 mL of sample, add 5 drops of saturated solution of potassium antimony tartrate and 5 to 10 drops of 6 jVHCI. A yellow antimony sulfide formation would confirm the presence of sulfide. Perform this test with known standards to match the color intensity to determine the concentrations of sulfide in the sample. The test is sensitive to concentration above 0.5 mg S2 /L. Lead interferes in this test. 

Potassium antimony tartrate (1.454 g) (KSbO.C4H406) is dissolved in 450 ml water. 

The experimental apparatus is shown in Figure 6. A concentrated basic solution of potassium antimony tartrate containing sodium borohydride is used. A sufficient amount of tartaric acid is added to prevent hydrolysis and precipitation of the resulting antimony compound. The solution is delivered with a syringe drive under the surface of a solution of 4 N sulfuric acid, and stibine is produced in the acidic medium. The net reation in the flask is... 

SYNS ANTLMONYL POTASSIUM TARTRATE EMETIQUE (FRENCH) ENT 50,434 POTASSIUM ANTIMONYL TARTRATE Q POTASSIUM ANTIMONYL-d-TARTRATE POTASSIUM ANTIMONY TARTRATE TARTAR EMETIC TARTARIZED ANTIMONY TARTRATE ANTIMONIO-POTASSIQUE (FRENCH) TARTRATED ANTIMONY... 

The cardiac toxicity of antimony has been explored in cultured myocytes (26,27). Potassium antimony tartrate disrupted calcium handling, leading to a progressive increase in the resting or diastolic internal calcium concentration and eventual cessation of beating activity and cell death. An interaction with thiol homeostasis is also involved. Reduced cellular ATP concentrations paralleled toxicity but appeared to be secondary to other cellular changes initiated by exposure to antimony. 

Farid Z, Bassily S, Lehman JS Jr, Ayad N, Hassan A, Sparks HA. A comparative evaluation of the treatment of Schitosoma mansoni with niridazole and potassium antimony tartrate. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1972 66(l) 119-24. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (Cincinnati, OH, USA) reported investigations regarding the health effects of antimony and its compounds. The conclusion of the report is as follows Oral reference dose values (RfDo) were derived for antimony and selected compounds based on the LOAEL (lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level) for antimony of 350/zgkg" day" associated with potassium antimony tartrate (15) in the drinking water of rats for lifetime exposure. Reduced lifespan was observed in both sexes and altered blood biochemical characters in males. The only concentration tested was of 5 ppm antimony. RfDo values for antimony of 24.5/ig dayfor antimony potassium tartrate of 65.5 fig day and for antimony tri-, tetra- and pentoxides of 29.3, 30.9 and 32.5 /igday" respectively, were calculated. It should be noted that orally administered antimony has been inadequately tested for carcinogenicity. 

However, in contrast to arsenic, antimony compounds remain of medicinal importance, particularly in the treatment of various parasitic infections including leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and trypanosomasis. Coordination compounds used include the sodium or potassium antimony tartrates and substituted catecholate complexes, which are O-donor complexes, whilst S-donors are utilized in 2,3-dithiosuccinate derivatives.While the mode of action is unclear in many cases, the attraction of these compounds, in addition to their clinical effectiveness, is their simplicity of manufacture and low cost. 

The first cross-linking agents were borax and other boron compounds, antimony compounds e.g. ammonium pyroantimonate, potassium antimony tartrate followed by adding a dichiomate, that is oxidation of trivalent to penta-valent antimony was found to give an efficient cross-linking agent [74]. 

Tests for S include the antimony test, silver-silver sulfide electrode test and the lead acetate paper and silver foil tests. In the antimony test, the color produced by treating a 200 ml test sample with 0.5 ml saturated potassium antimony tartrate and 0.5 ml 6 N HCl is compared with colors produced when solutions containing known amounts of S are treated in the same way. In the silver-silver sulfide electrode test, the test sample is diluted 1 1 with an alkaline solution of an oxidizing agent and the electrode potential relative to a double-junction reference electrode is measured. 

The fastness of basic dyes can be improved by after-treatment with tannic acid, in order to convert the dyestuff into its comparatively insoluble tannic acid salt. The wet-fastness is further improved by the action of an antimony salt which forms an even more insoluble dye-tannic acid-antimony complex. The most convenient antimony compound to use is tartar emetic , w hich is a popular name for potassium antimony tartrate, 2(K(Sb0).C4H40g).H20. The treatment is carried out in the following manner the dyed goods are worked in a bath containing 1 per cent of... 

Cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis and ulceration. Several salts (e.g. tartar emetic potassium antimony tartrate) have been used therapeutically as parasiticides. The dark cosmetic Kohl is finely powdered antimony sulphide. Stibine poisonous gas SbHj, produced by action of acid on antimony residues, such as can occur in storage batteries. Nausea, vomiting, colic, can be fatal. Stibine produces liver damage and jaundice, as does arsine. 

Arsenic salts and arsines are extremely toxic, and uses of arsenic compounds in weedkillers, sheep- and cattle-dips, and poisons against vermin are less widespread than was once the case (see Box 14.1). Antimony compounds are less toxic, but large doses result in liver damage. Potassium antimony tartrate tartar emetic) was used medicinally as an emetic and expectorant but has now been replaced by less toxic reagents. Bismuth is one of the less toxic heavy metals and compounds, such as the subcarbonate (Bi0)2C03, find use in stomach remedies including treatments for peptic ulcers. 

Se 49.31%. Prepd by the action of hydrogen sele-nide on a soln of potassium antimony] tartrate Moser,... 

PAT = potassium antimony tartrate, PHHA = potassium hexahydroxyantimonate gas = culture headspace gases aqueous = spent liquid culture medium. 

Figure 10 Structures of selected (organo)antimony compounds F10-1 potassium antimonate F10-2 potassium antimony tartrate (PAT). Compounds FI 0-1 and FI 0-2 have been wideiy used as inorganic antimony substrates in biomethyiation studies. Some possible produots (FI 0-3-F10-5) arise from oxidation of biogenicaiiy produced trimethyistibine (MesSb). Based on Craig, P. J. Forster, S. A. Jenkins, R. O. Lawson, G. Miller, D. Ostah, U.Appl. Organomet Chem. 2001, 15, 527-532.

Synonyms.—Potassium-Antimony Tartrate Tartrate of Potassium and Antimony Tartar Emetic Emetic Tartar Tartarized Antimony. 

Synonyms Antimonyl potassium tartrate Potassium antimonyl tartrate Potassium antimony tartrate Tartar emetic Tartarized antimony... 

Mixed reagent (flow-analysis) Dissolve lOg of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate, (NH4)6Mo7024 -4H20, in 600 mL of pure water. Carefully add 120 mL concentrated of sulphuric acid (d = 1.84 g/mL) and mix. Add 20 mL of a solution of 2.3 g potassium antimony tartrate, K(Sb0)C4H40g nH20 in 100 mL of pure water. Mix well and make up to 2 L. This mixed reagent is stable for several months. 

Even the name antimony is shrouded in alchemical mystery and, like other such terms, is most likely a corruption of some Arabic word or phrase so as to appear Greek or Latin. The Latin stibium, formerly used for the element and still the root for the names of many of its compounds, may very well have the same (but unknown) Arabic root. Stibnite, or the stibic stone, what we know today as antimony(III) sulfide, Sb2S3, was used by the ancients as a cosmetic to darken and beautify eyebrows. Rhazes, the tenth-century Persian physician and alchemist, described metallic antimony, but it is not known when this brittle gray metal was first isolated. Early uses include the potassium antimony tartrate salt as an emetic (vomiting inducer) and the metal with lead in type metal alloys. 

There is some limited evidence that antimony can affect glycolysis pathways. In vitro studies have demonstrated antimony s ability to inhibit the enzyme phospho-fructokinase, an enzyme that affects erythrocyte glycolysis (Poon and Chu 2000). Previous in vivo studies by the same research group had observed increased levels of antimony in the erythrocytes of rats treated with potassium antimony tartrate for 90 days in drinking water compared to untreated controls (Poon et al. 1998). In humans, there are no published studies available that have examined incidence of Type II diabetes and urinary levels of antimony in NHANES survey participants. 

Potassium Antimony Tartrate Solution - Dissolve 0.300 g potassium antimony tartrate, K(SbO)C H Hj.0.5H2O, in a 100-mL volumetric flask which already contains about 80 ml ultra pure water and make up to volume. This solution is stable for one month at 4 °C. 

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