Antimony tests

Antimony test. To 100 mL of sample, add 5 drops of saturated solution of potassium antimony tartrate and 5 to 10 drops of 6 jVHCI. A yellow antimony sulfide formation would confirm the presence of sulfide. Perform this test with known standards to match the color intensity to determine the concentrations of sulfide in the sample. The test is sensitive to concentration above 0.5 mg S2 /L. Lead interferes in this test. 

Tests for S include the antimony test, silver-silver sulfide electrode test and the lead acetate paper and silver foil tests. In the antimony test, the color produced by treating a 200 ml test sample with 0.5 ml saturated potassium antimony tartrate and 0.5 ml 6 N HCl is compared with colors produced when solutions containing known amounts of S are treated in the same way. In the silver-silver sulfide electrode test, the test sample is diluted 1 1 with an alkaline solution of an oxidizing agent and the electrode potential relative to a double-junction reference electrode is measured. 

As can be expected, antimony compounds resemble those of arsenic. In the Marsh test, antimony compounds again give a black deposit which, unlike that formed by arsenic compounds, is insoluble in sodium chloratefi) solution. 

It is recommended that the eompound be fused with a mixture of sodium carbonate (2 parts) and sodium peroxide (1 part) as in the test for Plvoaphoms. Extract the fused mass with water, filter, and acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid. Pass hydrogen sulphide through the hot solution arsenic is precipitated as yellow arsenic sulphide. If antimony is present, it will be precipitated as orange antimony trisulphide. 

Table 13. Fire Test Results of Laminates Containing Zinc Borate and Antimony Oxide ...

Two methods are used to measure pH electrometric and chemical indicator (1 7). The most common is electrometric and uses the commercial pH meter with a glass electrode. This procedure is based on the measurement of the difference between the pH of an unknown or test solution and that of a standard solution. The instmment measures the emf developed between the glass electrode and a reference electrode of constant potential. The difference in emf when the electrodes are removed from the standard solution and placed in the test solution is converted to a difference in pH. Electrodes based on metal—metal oxides, eg, antimony—antimony oxide (see Antimony AND ANTIMONY ALLOYS Antimony COMPOUNDS), have also found use as pH sensors (8), especially for industrial appHcations where superior mechanical stabiUty is needed (see Sensors). However, because of the presence of the metallic element, these electrodes suffer from interferences by oxidation—reduction systems in the test solution. 

The irradiation of calciferol in the presence of iodine leads to the formation of 5,6-/n7 j -vitaniin D2 [14449-19-5] (31) or [22350 1-0] (32) (67,68). 5,6-/ra j -Vitainin D as well as vitamin D (2) or (4) can be converted to isovitamin D by treatment with mineral or Lewis acids. Isocalciferol (35) [469-05-6] or (36) [42607-12-5] also forms upon heating of 5,6-/ -vitamin D. Isotachysterol (33) [469-06-7] or (34) [22350-43-2] forms from isocalciferol or vitamin D upon treatment with acid, and its production appears to be the result of sequential formation of trans- and isocalciferol from calciferol. These reactions are the basis of the antimony trichloride test for vitamin D (69—72). 

The AO AC (978.42) recognizes a similar procedure, except that the unsap onitiable material is treated with maleic anhydride to remove the trans-isomer which may possibly be present (83). The antimony trichloride colorimetric assay is performed on the trans-isomer-free material. This procedure cannot be used to distinguish certain inactive isomers, eg, isotachysterol if present, these are included in the result, giving rise to a falsely high analysis. A test must therefore be performed to check for the presence of isotachysterol. 

Analysis of zinc solutions at the purification stage before electrolysis is critical and several metals present in low concentrations are monitored carefully. Methods vary from plant to plant but are highly specific and usually capable of detecting 0.1 ppm or less. Colorimetric process-control methods are used for cobalt, antimony, and germanium, turbidimetric methods for cadmium and copper. Alternatively, cadmium, cobalt, and copper are determined polarographicaHy, arsenic and antimony by a modified Gutzeit test, and nickel with a dimethylglyoxime spot test. 

Metall-oxyd, n. metallic oxide, -oxydhydrat, n. metal (lie) hydroxide, -papier, n. metal (lie) paper, -poliermittel, n. metal polish, -probe, /, test for metal, assay, -putzmittel, n. metal polish, -rohr, n., -rbhre, /. metal tube oi-pipe, -rohrehett, n. (small) metal tube or pipe, -riickstand, m. metallic residue, -sa-fran, m. crocus of antimony, -salz, n. metallic salt. 

Thompson and Tracy carried out tests in a moist ammoniacal atmosphere on stressed binary copper alloys containing zinc, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, silicon, nickel or aluminium. All these elements gave alloys susceptible to stress corrosion. In the case of zinc the breaking time decreased steadily with increase of zinc content, but with most of the other elements there was a minimum in the curve of content of alloying elements against breaking time. In tests carried out at almost 70MN/m these minima occurred with about 0-2% P, 0-2% As, 1% Si, 5% Ni and 1% Al. In most cases cracks were intercrystalline. 

The above comparative evaluation of starter battery separators refers to moderate ambient temperatures the standard battery tests arc performed at 40 or 50 °C. What happens, however, on going to significantly higher temperatures, such as 60 or 75 °C This question cannot be answered without considering the alloys used batteries with antimonial alloys show a water consumption that rises steeply with increasing temperature [40], leaving as the only possibilities for such applications either the hybrid construction, i.c., positive electrode with low-antimony alloy, negative electrode lead-calcium, or even both... 

Self-Test 3.12B Which type of semiconductor is antimony doped with tin ... 

The role of Lewis acids in the formation of oxazoles from diazocarbonyl compounds and nitriles has primarily been studied independently by two groups. Doyle et al. first reported the use of aluminium(III) chloride as a catalyst for the decomposition of diazoketones.<78TL2247> In a more detailed study, a range of Lewis acids was screened for catalytic activity, using diazoacetophenone la and acetonitrile as the test reaction.<80JOC3657> Of the catalysts employed, boron trifluoride etherate was found to be the catalyst of choice, due to the low yield of the 1-halogenated side-product 17 (X = Cl or F) compared to 2-methyI-5-phenyloxazole 18. Unfortunately, it was found that in the case of boron trifluoride etherate, the nitrile had to be used in a ten-fold excess, however the use of antimony(V) fluoride allowed the use of the nitrile in only a three fold excess (Table 1). 

J.L. Wise, P.K. Kammer, and J.A Murray, Post-test calibration of single-use, antimony, 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH probes is necessary. Dig. Dis. Sci. 49, 688-692 (2004). 

The hydrides of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth are unstable at elevated temperature. The Marsh test for arsenic depends on this instability when an arsenic mirror forms as arsine is passed through a heated tube ... 

AS A FLAME RETARDANT. The zinc borate is an efficient synergist of organic halogen sources. In certain halogen-containing systems such as unsaturated polyester, epoxy (3), and rigid PVC, the zinc borate alone can outperform antimony oxide as shown by the Oxygen Index and UL-94 tests (Fig. 3, 4, and 5). 

In other halogen-containing systems, such as flexible PVC and polyolefins, it is preferable to use the zinc borate in conjunction with antimony oxide for maximum performance. In flexible PVC, for example, the zinc borate alone is not very effective in the Oxygen Index test (Fig. 6), but a combination of the zinc borate and antimony oxide (1 1 ratio) outperforms equal weight of antimony oxide at a total loading of more than 10 phr (4). In the presence of alumina trihydrate (ATH), the beneficial effect of using a combination of the zinc borate and antimony oxide is dramatically increased (Fig. 7). 

Fig. 3. Oxygen Index Test of Polylite 33-442 Containing Dibromoneopentyl Glycol, ZB - Zinc Borate, Sb - Antimony Oxide. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 2. Copyright Plastics Compounding 1985).

A 50/50 blend of polycarbonate resin and PBT polyester containing 13.5% brominated phosphate and no antimony oxide results in a product with a V-0 rating and an oxygen index of 33. An equivalent product containing brominated polycarbonate has a low oxygen index and burns in the UL-94 test (Table VIII). 

Performance tests consisted of loading DBX-1 as a transfer charge in U.S. Army M55 stab detonators. Standard M55 detonators consist of three separate explosive layers, pressed sequentially into a metal detonator cup as shown in Figure 6. The first layer is 15 mg of the stab initiation mix (NOL-130) it is a combination of lead azide, lead styphnate, barium nitrate, antimony sulfide, and tetrazene [l-(5-tetrazolyl)-3-guanyltetra-zene hydrate], pressed at 70,000 psi. The second layer is 51 mg of transfer charge, lead azide, pressed at 10,000 psi. Lastly, the third layer is 19 mg of output charge, RDX, pressed at 15,000 psi. 

Then we tried another test, viz., that which is performed by means of a septuple of Antimony at first it seemed as if eight grains of the gold had been lost, but afterwards, not only had two scmples of the silver been converted into gold, but the silver itself... 

Department of Labor Antimony metal antimony trioxide and antimony sulfide response to the interagency testing committee. Fed Reg 48 717-724, 1983... 

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