Tartar emetic 278 tartaric acid, tartrates

Tartaric acid is noteworthy for a) the excellent way in which the majority of its salts Crystallise, and h) the frequent occurrence of salts having mixed cations. Examples of the latter are sodium potassium tartrate (or Rochelle salt), C4H40 NaK, used for the preparation of Fehling s solution (p. 525), sodium ammonium tartrate, C4H OaNaNH4, used by Pasteur for his early optical resolution experiments, and potassium antimonyl tartrate (or Tartar Emetic), C4H404K(Sb0). The latter is prepared by boiling a solution of potassium hydrogen tartrate (or cream of tartar ) with antimony trioxide,... 

The complex of tartaric acid and antimony (emetic) was described three centuries ago. Nevertheless, the structure of this compound has been elucidated these last fifteen years by X-ray diffraction ( 1 ). In fact, emetic presents a binuclear cyclic structure. Many authors mentioned similar complex with transition metals (vanadium (2), chromium (3)) or metalloids (arsenic (4), bismuth (5)). Emetic with phosphorus was not mentioned. Nevertheless, tartaric acid or alkyl tartrates has been utilized in phosphorus chemistry tartaric acid reacts with trialkyl phosphites giving heterocyclic phosphites (6). Starting from alkyl tartrates, we prepared spirophosphoranes with a P-H bond and sixco-ordinated compounds (7). With unprotected tartaric acid, many possibilities appear condensation as a diol, as a di(oc-hydro-xyacid), or even as a 8-hydroxyacid. 

Cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis and ulceration. Several salts (e.g. tartar emetic potassium antimony tartrate) have been used therapeutically as parasiticides. The dark cosmetic Kohl is finely powdered antimony sulphide. Stibine poisonous gas SbHj, produced by action of acid on antimony residues, such as can occur in storage batteries. Nausea, vomiting, colic, can be fatal. Stibine produces liver damage and jaundice, as does arsine. 

It is reduced, with separation of Sb, when heated with charcoal, or in H. It is also readily oxidized by HNOi, or potassium permanganate. It dissolves in HCl as SbCls in Nordhausen sulfuric acid, from which solution brilliant crystalline plates of antimonyl pyrosulfate, (Sb0)jSa07, separate and in solutions of tartaric acid, and of hydropotassic tartrate (see tartar emetic).. 

It crystallizes in transparent, soluble, right rhombic octahedra, which turn white in air. Its solutions are acid in reaction, have. a nauseating, metallic taste, are Iwvogyrous, [fls]D= —15C°.3, and. are precipitated by alcohol. The crystals contain i Aq, which they lose entirely at 100° (312° F.), and, partially, by exposure to air. It is decomposed by the alkalies, alkaline earths, and alkaline carbonates, with precipitation of SbjOs. The precipitate is redissolved by excess of soda or potash, or by tartaric acid. HCl, HaSOt and HNOa precipitate corresponding antiinonyl compounds from solutions of tartar emetic. It converts mercuric into mercurous clilorid. It forms double tartrates with the tartrates of the alkaloids. 

Tartar emetic. See Antimony potassium tartrate Tartaric acid (INCI). See L-Tartaric acid (-)-(2S,3S)-Tartaric acid. See D-Tartaric acid... 

The trioxide, Sb203, is soluble in tartaric acid. The long-known tartar emetic contains the tartrate chelate [Sb2(C4H206)2], but is still often called the antimo-nyl complex salt KSb0C4H406. We may note the equivalence with one empirical (disputed) formula of the hydrate ... 

It is oxidized to antimony pentoxide, 86205 on treatment with nitric acid and forms potassium antimony tartrate (tartar emetic, KSb(OH)2 C4H2O6) when heated with acid potassium tartrate. 

There are several other.antimonlal tartrates, the-place of potassa being supplied by soda, ammonia, lead, oxide, and Bilvor oxide. A compound similar to tartar emetic may be formed with arsouioue acid—(KO, AsOj, C,H4OJ., - , ... 

Mordant pieces of test fabric by allowing them to stand in a hot (nearly boiling) solution of 0.1 g of tannic acid in 50 mL of water for 30 min. The tannic acid mordant must now be fixed to the cloth otherwise it would wash out. For this purpose, transfer the cloth to a hot bath made from 20 mg of potassium antimonyl tartrate (tartar emetic) in 20 mL of water. After 5 min, wring the cloth and dry it as much as possible over a warm hot plate. 

The fastness of basic dyes can be improved by after-treatment with tannic acid, in order to convert the dyestuff into its comparatively insoluble tannic acid salt. The wet-fastness is further improved by the action of an antimony salt which forms an even more insoluble dye-tannic acid-antimony complex. The most convenient antimony compound to use is tartar emetic , w hich is a popular name for potassium antimony tartrate, 2(K(Sb0).C4H40g).H20. The treatment is carried out in the following manner the dyed goods are worked in a bath containing 1 per cent of... 

It crystallizes in hard, opaque (translucent when pure), rhombic prisms, which have an acidulous taste, and are very sparingly soluble in HaO, still less soluble in alcohol. Its solution is acid, and dissolves many metallic oxids with formation of double tartrates. When boiled with antimony trioxid, it forms tartar emetic. 

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