Population surveys

In order to test this, Kelly et al. (1997) point out that we need a set of biological markers thought to be sensitive to long-term systematic differences in socioeconomic status and living conditions, and these markers must be feasible to measure in large population surveys, so their role in the biological embedding process can be evaluated on a population-based, person-specific basis. 

Pharmacogenomics and Minority Populations General Population Survey Questionnaire, 337... 

Murphy RS, Kutz FW, Strassman SC. 1983. Selected pesticide residues or metabolites In blood and urine specimens from a general population survey. Environ Health Perspect 48 81-86. 

Breitholtz, A. et al.. Plasma ochratoxin A levels in three Swedish populations surveyed using an ion-pair HPLC technique, Food Addit. Contam., 8, 183, 1991. Gastello, M.M., Sumner, S.S. and Bullerman, L.B., Stability of fumonisins in thermally processed com products, J. Food Prot., 61, 1030, 1998. 

Jarvis MJ, Boreham R, Primatesta P, Feyerabend C, Bryant A (2001) Nicotine yield from machine-smoked cigarettes and nicotine intakes in smokers evidence from a representative population survey, J Natl Cancer Inst 93(2) 134-138... 

Hurt RD, Robertson CR (1998) Prying open the door to the tobacco industry s secrets about nicotine the Minnesota tobacco trial, JAMA 280 1173-1181 Ingebrethsen BJ (1993) The physical properties of mainstream cigarette smoke and their relationship to deposition in the respiratory tract, 10 Feb 1993, R,J, Reynolds, Bates 512293419-512293456, http //tobaccodocuments,org/product design/512293419-3456,html Jarvis MJ, Boreham R, Primatesta P, Feyerabend C, Bryant A (2001) Nicotine yield from machine-smoked cigarettes and nicotine intakes in smokers evidence from a representative population survey, J Natl Cancer Inst 93 134-138... 

Suicidal risk. Data from 36,689 adult men and women (25-64 years of age) who participated in a population survey between 1972 and 1992 indicated that clustering of the heavy use of alcohol, cigarettes, and coffee could serve as a new marker for increased risk of suicide. The mortality of the cohort was monitored for a mean of 14.4 years, which yielded 169 suicides. Criteria for heavy use of each psychoactive substance were defined as alcohol more than 120 g/ week, cigarettes more than 21/day, and coffee more than 7 cups/day. Approximately... 

Diuretic-induced effects on lipid metabolism are dose-related (344,345) at low dosages of thiazides, changes are very slight while antihypertensive efficacy is well maintained. Diuretic-induced lipid changes have not been prominent in studies lasting one year or longer (364,365,359,362,366). An association between thiazide use or antihypertensive treatment and changes in serum lipids has been shown in some population surveys (367,368) but not in others (369). 

Livestock and poultry on hundreds of farms were contaminated with the fire retardant. Between 1973-4 an estimated 8000 to 12,500 Michigan residents were exposed to contaminated meat, milk and eggs. Later a population survey conducted in Michigan showed that only 10% of the population did not have detectable blood levels of PBBs (ref. 152, p. 169) Since PBBs were known to be biologically stable and eliminated very slowly, significant body burdens of the compounds were expected to persist throughout the lifetimes of exposed individuals. 

Present methods for the detection and population survey of spruce budworm rely on the sampling of egg masses on tree foliage. Pheromone traps could probably detect moths at lower densities than the present method and this information could be used to prevent or decrease the development of an epidemic infestation of spruce budworm. However, a great deal of work is still required to correlate trap capture with moth population densities and with damage to trees. 

Under, A.L., and Orth-Gomer, K. (1989). Development of social support instrument for use in population survey. Social Sciences Medicine, 29, 1387-1392. 

Kline, R. L., Brothers, T. A., Brookmeyer, R., Zeger, S., and Quinn, T. C. (1989). Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in population surveys using pooled sera. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 27, 1449-1452. 

Fronstin, P. (2002). Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured Analysis of the March 2002 Current Population Survey. Washington, D.C. EBRI, p. 30. 

Beales, P.L., Elcioglu, N., Woolf, A.S., Parker, D. and Flinter, F.A. (1999) New criteria for improved diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome results of a population survey. J. Med. Genet. 56, 437 46. 

A corresponding normal distribution is available for multiresponse data, that is, for interdependent observations of two or more measurable quantities. Such data are common in experiments with chemical mixtures, mechanical structures, and electric circuits as well as in population surveys and econometric studies. Modeling with multiresponse data is treated in Chapter 7 and in the software of Appendix C. 

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is easily defined as a syndrome characterized by a sudden decrease in GFR accompanied by azotemia [4]. However the reported incidence of AKI varies depending on a number of independent variables. For example, was the patient population surveyed derived from a community wide database or was it restricted to hospitalized patients What definition was adopted to designate acute kidney injury (AKI) The lack of a universally agreed upon definition of acute kidney injury (AKI), makes it difficult to compare clinical reports as to the incidence. 

Early animal studies and human population surveys used whole blood as the main indicator of selenium status. Whole blood selenium can be determined after acid digestion using a fluorometric method. The more convenient carbon furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (CFAAS) assay for plasma and/or serum selenium is now the most widely used procedure. The main components of plasma selenium are extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx 3) and selenoprotein P. 

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