Smoking machine

Nicotine Content in Cigarette Smoke (Machine-Smoking Methods). 67... 

Electrode-based measure of smoke pH of machine-smoked cigarettes Puff profiles of smokers, followed by yield measures based on Human Mimic Smoking Machine Plasma nicotine change from basehne measured comparing smokers of control and test cigarettes... 

The volume of air drawn through the burning zone during the appHcation of a pressure difference to the butt end of the cigarette wiU have a substantial effect on the mainstream smoke yield. TTie laboratory smoking machine is required to take standard puffs for each cigarette. 

The frequency with which the pressure difference is apphed to the burning cigarette will affect the mainstream/side-stream smoke ratio and thus the total yield. The laboratory smoking machine must take a puff every 60+1 s. 

The length of time that the pressure difference is apphed to the burning cigarette wiU, in a piston operated smoking machine, affect the air flow-rate through the hot coals, and its effect is interrelated with puff volume and puff frequency. 

The plot of air flow-rate as a function of time is called the puff profile. Variations in this wiU change the temperature profile within the burning zone and thus affect smoke yields. The laboratory smoking machine must reproducibly generate a heU-shaped puff profile to accepted standards. 

Because of the importance of the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes, until the mid-1980s the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) published statistics on the tar and nicotine yield of cigarette brands manufactured in the United States. The FTC used to conduct its own yield tests by using smoking machines and today reports the results of the same kind of tests conducted by tobacco companies, which the FTC requires them to do (Cotton, 1993). 

A rapid diminution of recovery with time was noted for the aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS), collected in an automatic smoking machine. This is due to fast reaction of the PAA with other components present in the matrix. Addition of 4-toluidine (Id) to the sample dramatically improved analyte recoveries, as this compound served as sacrificial reagent34. 

It is necessary to give some background into how this sort of testing is done. Cigarettes are smoked on a machine under the industry standard conditions mentioned in part one of this case study, and the smoke condensate is collected on a filter in the smoke machine. The filter is then placed in solvent, and the chemicals to be tested are extracted by the solvent. Most of the solvent is then removed, and an internal standard chemical is added. The sample is then diluted to a specified volume. 

Cigarette Collection in trap of smoking smoke machine dissolution in... 

It s more efficient to smoke than eat—at least if you are trying to get high. Most of the data on smoking is derived from analysis of condensates from cigarette smoking machines, and it is unclear whether the results are equivalent to what one would get... 

Experiments with an automatic smoking machine showed 62 percent of the THC and THCA appearing in the tar and 2 percent in the ash with the rest destroyed [(J. Anal. Toxicol. 9, 121 (1985). The basic fraction of the smoke condensate has little activity in mice (Toxicol Appl. Pharm. 72,440 (1984).]... 

Cigarettes — Determination of Total and Nicotine Free Particulate Matter Using Routine Analytical Smoking Machine, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, ISO 4387 1991 (E), 1991. 

Flfl. 3.10 Automatic sampling of tobacco smoke by means of a smoking machine, (a) Puff (b) exhaust (c) post-smoking. (Reproduced from [7] with permission of Ellis Horwood Ltd.). 

---