Traps pheromone

At present only Trichogramma species and the scelionid egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (20) are known to respond to moth sex pheromones. However, this phenomenon could be much more widespread and overlooked because these wasps apparently do not fly to point sources and are not caught in pheromone traps. 

FIG. 2 Contour map of the spatial distribution of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, pheromone trap captures in a flour mill (J.F. Campbell and R.T. Arbogast, unpublished data). 

Campbell, J.F., Mullen, M.A., and Dowdy, A.K. 2002. Monitoring stored-product pests in food processing plants A case study using pheromone trapping, contour mapping, and mark-recapture. J. Econ. Entomol 95, 1089-1101. 

Mankin, R.W., Arbogast, R.T., Kendra, P.E., and Weaver, D.K. 1999. Active spaces of pheromone traps for Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) in enclosed environments. Environ. Entomol. 28, 557-565. 

Mullen, M.A. 1992. Development of a pheromone trap for monitoring Tribolium castaneum. J. Stored... 

Roelofs, W.L., Glass, E.H., Tette, J., and Comeau, A. 1970. Sex pheromone trapping for red-banded leaf roller control Theoretical and actual. J. Econ. Entomol. 63, 1162-1167. 

Low numbers of P. guildinii were serendipitously attracted to pheromone traps baited with a mixture of stereoisomers of 2,6,10-13 COOMe 74 in a field test targetting Euschistus heros [90]. This compound, and the chain-shortened homolog, 2,6,10-12 COOMe 75, were subsequently identified in headspace... 

Sticky traps, working on the same principle as fly paper, and also pheromone traps (see panel, left) are primarily intended to be used to monitor pest populations, but in small areas they can help prevent pests from becoming established. 

Pheromone traps are mechanical devices containing scents that attract a specific insect species. Pheromone traps are available for Japanese beetles and a wide range of other insects. The insects are enticed into the trap by the scent and are unable to get out. These traps attract pests from a considerable distance, but do not immediately catch all the insects they attract. They are best used some distance from the garden to attract the insects away from, not into. 

Perry, J. N., and Wall, C. (1984). Orientation of male pea moth, Cydia nigricana, to pheromone traps in a wheat crop. EntomologiaExperimentalis etApplicata 37,161-167. 

Baker, J. L., Hill, A. S. and Roelofs, W. L. (1978). Seasonal variations in the pheromone trap catches of male omnivorous leafroller moths, Platynota stultana. Environmental Entomology 7 399 101. 

McNeil, J. N. (1991). Behavioral ecology of pheromone-mediated communication in moths and its importance in the use of pheromone traps. Annual Review of Entomology 36 407 130. 

Sharov, A. A., Liebhold, A. M. and Ravlin, F. W. (1995). Prediction of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae) mating success from pheromone trap counts. Environmental Entomology 24 1239-1244. 

Present methods for the detection and population survey of spruce budworm rely on the sampling of egg masses on tree foliage. Pheromone traps could probably detect moths at lower densities than the present method and this information could be used to prevent or decrease the development of an epidemic infestation of spruce budworm. However, a great deal of work is still required to correlate trap capture with moth population densities and with damage to trees. 

Ostrauskas, H. (2004). Moths caught in pheromone traps for American white moth (Hyphantria cunea Dr.) (Arctiidae, Lepidoptera) in Lithuania during 2001. Acta Zool. Lituanica, 14, 66-74. 

Identification of polyenic hydrocarbons from the northern winter moth, Operophtera fagata, and development of a species specific lure for pheromone traps. Chemoecology, 14, 53-58. 

Zhang, Q. H., Schlyter, F., Chu, D., Ma, X.Y. and Ninomiya, Y. (1998). Diurnal and seasonal flight activity of males and population dynamics of fall webworm moth, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lep., Arctiidae) monitored by pheromone traps../. Appl. Entomol., 122, 523-532. 

Ca. davidsoni (James et al., 1997). Abreu (1997) demonstrated in Brazil that Ca. dimid-iatus and Ca. obsoletus could be detected in cocoa warehouses with pheromone traps. Monitoring traps have also been used to survey beetles in different habitats for infestation by natural enemies such as nematodes (Dowd et al., 1995) these efforts resulted in the discovery of a new nematode species (Poinar and Dowd, 1997). Dowd (2000) used the pheromone of Ca. lugubris to compare infestations of these beetles in Bt and non-Bt sweet com in Illinois. Dispersal of oak wilt fungus by Co. truncatus and Ca. sayi has been investigated with the aid of pheromone traps (Amboum et al., 2005). 

James, D.G., Faulder, R. J. and Bartelt, R.J. (1995). Fauna and seasonal abundance of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) in four stone fruit growing regions of southeastern Australia as determined by pheromone-trapping. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc., 34, 327-333. 

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