Polyvinyl acetate glues

Polyvinyl acetate glues should be applied at 16-32°C working temperatures. They soften when sanded. 

Polyvinyl acetate is an ingredient in white glue. It is a copolymer with vinyl alcohol in latex paints. 

NS 5%(suitable for ignition rather than for detonation) and b)K chlorate 55 Pb thiocyanate 45% E)Colored smokes K chlorate 22-33, dye 30-50, Na or K bicarbonate 3-10, confectioner s sugar or lactose 20-35, kerosene or paraffin oil 2-4, kieselguhr 0-4 red iron oxide 0-3% F) Plastic Bonded colored smoke K chlorate 23, dye 51, sugar 18 K bicarbonate 8% combined with 2.2 parts of polyvinyl acetate plasticized by dichloro-methane and dried by evapn G) Cap mixtures a)K chlorate 67, red P 27, S 3 pptd Ca carbonate 3%, bound with unspecified amt of gum water and b)K chlorate 61, red P 4, black Sb sulfide 21,pptd Ca carbonate 2 animal glue 12% H)Railroad torpedo K chlorate 40, S 16, sand(60 mesh) 37, binder 5 8r neutralizer 2% I)Whistling compns K chlorate 73-77, gallic acid 24-19 red gum 3-4%(Ref 26,pp 270-80)... 

While unaffected by water, styrofoam is dissolved by many organic solvents and is unsuitable for high-temperature applications because its heat-distortion temperature is around 77°C. Molded styrofoam objects are produced commercially from expandable polystyrene beads, but this process does not appear attractive for laboratory applications because polyurethane foams are much easier to foam in place. However, extruded polystyrene foam is available in slabs and boards which may be sawed, carved, or sanded into desired shapes and may be cemented. It is generally undesirable to join expanded polystyrene parts with cements that contain solvents which will dissolve the plastic and thus cause collapse of the cellular structure. This excludes from use a large number of cements which contain volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, or esters. Some suitable cements are room-temperature-vulcanizing silicone rubber (see below) and solvent-free epoxy cements. When a strong bond is not necessary, polyvinyl-acetate emulsion (Elmer s Glue-All) will work. 

The major synthetic adhesives used for bonding wood include urea, phenol, and melamine formaldehyde resorcinol formaldehyde, phenol resorcinol, and polyvinyl acetate emulsions. More recently one-component, moisture cured polyurethane adhesives have become popular for bonding wood. Natural adhesives such as casein and animal glues are also often used for general-purpose wood bonding. Epoxies have been used for certain specialized wood joining applications such as when wood is bonded to metal substrates. 

In general, these groups of cellulose ethers have been used for their innate adhesive properties and to provide thickening to adhesive formulations. They are used for plywood adhesives, industrial adhesives, wallpaper paste, library paste, and latex adhesives. For example, methylcellulose is used in some adhesives as an additive to control viscosity, especially in the heat-cure phenol-formaldehyde glues and other hot-pressing adhesives. Hydroxyethylcellulose is used as an ingredient in polyvinyl acetate emulsions, where it acts as a thickener and protective colloid. 

Most vinyl acetate is converted into polyvinyl acetate (PVA) which is used in the manufacture of dispersions for paints and binders and as a raw material for paints. It is also copolymerized with vinyl chloride and ethylene and to a lesser extent with acrylic esters. A substantial proportion of vinyl acetate is converted into polyvinyl alcohol by saponification or transesterification of polyvinyl acetate. The main applications for polyvinyl alcohol are either as raw material for adhesives or for fibres. It is also employed in textile finishing and paper glueing, and as a dispersion agent (protective colloid). The world production capacity of PVA was 4.35 Mt/a in 2005, of which 2.1 Mt were converted into polyvinyl alcohol. 

So-called white glues are particularly important. The chemical basis is polyvinyl acetate (PVA), the bonded joints - or traditionally adhesive gluings - are characterized by very high adhesive strengths, which usually result in adherend fractions after destructive testing. In order to avoid possible tensions, it is recommended to let the bonded joint set under even pressure (clamp) for more than the indicated... 

Polyvinyl acetate Common "white" glue Book bindings and labels... 

Figure 10. General pattern of viscosity change during bonding with cold-press glues such as the polyvinyl acetate-based, emulsion-type white and yellow glues and the animal glues. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 3. Copyright 1983 Pennsylvania State University.)...

More than half of vinyl acetate monomer is used in polyvinyl acetate emulsions and resins. The largest use of polyvinyl acetate emulsions is in adhesive emulsions. This is followed by use in copolymers to produce latex paints which have largely replaced solvent-based paints in developed countries. The adhesive emulsions are used in all types of consumer adhesives and glues used in the construction industry. 

Di- -butyl phthalate is used in many products that are made from plastic. It is also in products like white glues and carpenter s glues made from a plastic known as polyvinyl acetate emulsion. Di- -butyl phthalate is also used in some paints, furniture lacquer, and nail polish. When it is in anything, di- -butyl phthalate is at a higher level when that product is new. There is less in products that are old. Because di- -butyl phthalate may be in some toys, there is a concern that children chewing on such toys might be exposed. No measurements have yet been made to show whether children are exposed in this way. 

The most important use of di- -butyl phthalate is as a plasticizer (Cadogan and Howick 1992, 1996). Plasticizers are compounds that are added to other substances in order to make them softer and more flexible (Cadogan and Howick 1996). Di- -butyl phthalate appears to be primarily used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives (white glues and carpenter s glues, see Pocius 1991) as a solvent for... 

The most common type of synthetic water-borne adhesives are based on vinyl acetate, and include the homopolymer, polyvinyl acetate and the copolymer with ethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, the popular white glue. Copolymers with other monomers, such as acrylics, are increasing in use, particularly for adhesion to plastics. 

There are many different types of adhesives, but you re probably thinking of that white glue you had as a kid. This type of glue is known as a drying adhesive because it hardens by evaporation of a solvent. In the case of white glue, the solvent is water and the sticky stuff that gets left behind is polyvinyl acetate. 

Butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer adhesive, food-packaging food containers D-Mannitol adhesive, furniture Urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, glass Epoxy resin Polyvinyl acetate adhesive, glass fibers Styrene/PVP copolymer adhesive, grinding disks Animal glue adhesive, hair care Polyquaternlum-14 adhesive, heat-resistance Silicone elastomer... 

There are three kinds of polymer to be found dispersed in liquids the first is the insoluble polymer colloid found in a latex dispersion, for example polyvinyl acetate used in latex glues. Fig. 6.22(a). This is essentially a suspension of plastic beads of very small size. 

Polyvinyl acetate—polymeric adhesives dispersed in water, often used as wood glues ... 

Water-based dispersions or emulsions such as polyvinyl acetate, acrylics, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl alcohol with plasticizers and tackifiers. In addition, this range can include urea formaldehyde and phenolic adhesives, resins, natural adhesives produced from starch, dextrin, casein, animal glues (see Polyvinyl alcohol in adhesives, Phenolic adhesives single-stage resoles. Phenolic adhesives two-stage novolacs. Animal glues and technical gelatins) and rubber latex (see Emulsion and dispersion adhesives). Solvent-free 100% solids such as polyurethane. Hot melt adhesives include Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters with tackifiers and waxes. More recent additions include cross-linkable systems. 

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