Polyvalent vaccines

Pneumococcai poiysaccharidet Cultures of 23 serotypes of Strep, pneumoniae 1 Precipitation of polysaccharides with ethanoi 2 Blending into polyvalent vaccine Physico-chemical estimation of polysaccharides ... 

A imlyvateni vaccine is prepared from two or more organism-that cause dirrerent diseases. Polyvalent vaccines arc given fn convenience, primarily so that a child can be given one rlw rather than several. The mcasic.s-mumps-nibella (MMRl tx-cine is oP the polyvuieni type. 

Thus, when viewed either as an endemic disease threat or as a potential biological warfare threat, adequate immunization will require polyvalent vaccines. 

JC May, L Rey, CJ Lee, J Arciniega. Evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate and polyvalent vaccines and other biological products irradiated by x-rays and gamma rays. Radiat Phys Chem. In press. 

HOEL, K., salonius, k. and lillehaug, a. (1997) Vibrio antigens of polyvalent vaccines enhance the humoral immune response to Aeromonas salmonicida antigens in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.). Fish Shellfish Immunology 7,71-80. 

SKINNER LA, SCHULTE PM, LAPATRA SE, BALFRY SK, MCKINLEY Rs. Growth and performance of Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L., following administration of a rhabdo-virus DNA vaccine alone or concurrently with an oU-adjuvanted, polyvalent vaccine. J Fish Dis 2008,31, 687-697. 

One dose of the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine is indicated for patients at any age with COPD revaccination is recommended for patients older than 65 years if the first vaccination was more than 5 years earlier and the patient was younger than 65 years. 

NMR can also be used to elucidate the structural features of a repeating unit in a polysaccharide and to investigate the conformation and dynamics of polysaccharides.21 A unique polysaccharide structure results in a characteristic proton NMR spectrum. Therefore, NMR is a powerful tool for identifying polysaccharide structures. This remarkable specificity has led to the development of a routine NMR-based identity assay, recently reported by Abeygunawardana et al. for quality control testing of bacterial polysaccharide to be used in formulating a polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.22... 

Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent (Pneumovax-23) Quadravalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18)... 

Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent (Pneumovox-23) [Vaccine/ Inactive Bacteria] Uses Immunization against pneumococcal Infxns in pts at high risk (eg, all = 65 y of age) Action Active immunization Dose 0.5 mL EM. Caution [C, ] Contra Do not vaccinate during immunosuppressive thCTapy Disp Inj SE Fever, inj site Rxn, hemolytic anemia, thromboc5rtopenia, anaphylaxis Interactions Effects W/ corticosteroids, immunosuppressants EMS None OD ... 

Vaccines Pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent, 23 types of S. pneumoniae PNU-Immune- 23 0.5 ml dose contains 26 pg polysaccharide antigen purified from 23 serotypes of S. pneumoniae IM,SC NA NA NA Single 0.5 ml dose NA NA... 

Pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent [FDA] Pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent [FDA former]... 

Kiessling LL, Pohl S. Strength in numbers non-natural polyvalent carbohydrate derivatives. Chem. Biol. 1996 3 71-77. Ragupathi G, Koide F, Livingston PO, Cho YS, Endo A, Wan Q, et al. Preparation and evaluation of unimolecular pentavalent and hexavalent antigenic constructs targeting prostate and breast cancer a synthetic route to anticancer vaccine candidates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006 128 2715-2725. 

Gabor EP, Seeman M. Acute febrile systemic reaction to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. JAMA 1979 242(20) 2208-9. 

If two or more vaccines are free of interference with each other, they can be administered as a mixture (polyvalent) for convenience. Examples of polyvalent viral vaccines are measles-rubella (MR), rubella-mumps (RM). and mca-slcs-mumps-rubella (MMR). MMR is indicated for routine immunization at 15 months (not given at Ic.ss than I year unlc.ss the child has been expo.sed or lacks iminunocompe-tence). This is because maternal Abs inicrt crc with development of vaccine immunity in small children. If the MMR is given at less than I year, rcvaccination is needed at 15 months of age. 

Polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) s ystem also may be an obstacle to producing an effective vaccine. A potential model for this problem is the observation that T cells, including the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, in patients with HLA-B3S do not re.spond to certain. strains of the parasite. It appears that the combination of certain proteins produced by Plasmodium strains with HLA-B3S prevents a normal T-cell re.sponse. In other words, the immune system of these patients will respond to some Plasmodium strains and not others. The implication is that an effective vaccine will have to be very polyvalent. 

Melanoma vaccines range from complex antigen mixtures to purified antigens. Complex vaccines are polyvalent and can stimulate an immune response to a number of tumor antigens and are less... 

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