Polysulphates

Xylan sulphates, known also as pentosan polysulphates (PPS), are permanently studied with regard to their biological activities [3,419-422]. Usually, sulphuric acid, sulphur trioxide, or chlorsulphonic acid are employed as sul-phating agents alone or in combination with alcohols, amines or chlorinated hydrocarbons as reaction media [423]. 

Maffrand JP, Herbert JM, Bernat A, Defreyn G, Delebassee D, Savi P, Pinot JJ, Sampol J. Experimental and clinical pharmacology of pentosan polysulphate. Semin Thrombosis Haemostasis 1991 17 (Suppl. 2) 186-198. 

JF Innes, AR Barr, M Sharif. Efficacy of oral calcium pentosan polysulphate for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint secondary to cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. Veterinary Rec 146 433-437, 2000. 

SW McLeskey, L Zhang, BJ Track. Effects of AGM-1470 and pentosan polysulphate on tumorigenicity and metastasis of FGF-transfected MCF-7 cells. Br J Cancer 73 1053-1062, 1996. 

The concept of abnormal proteins in CJD may provide insights useful for drug design. The pioneering (and Nobel Prize winning) work of Prusiner has enabled the preliminary identification of prototype agents as therapies for CJD. Preliminary work identified two classes of compounds with therapeutic potential polysulphated molecules and tricyclic molecules (e.g., phenothiazines, aminoacridines). These compounds bind to PrP and endeavor to inhibit the PrP to PrP cascade of conformational change. 

Several other substances are used in proprietary haemorrhoidal preparations mucopolysaccharide polysulphate - a fibrinolytic agent... 

The close association of histamine and heparin release in anaphylactic shock and in peptone shock suggests that complexes of histamine and heparin are held in biological systems. Histamine binds heparin in vitro, as shown by displacement tests, by dialysis, and by paper chromatography . Dextran sulphate, polymannuronic acid sulphate, polysulphated xylan and the iV-succinyl derivative of de-W-sulphated heparin give compounds with... 

Todd NV, Morrow J, Doh-Ura K, DeaUer S, O Hare S, FarUng P, Duddy M, Rainov NG (2005) Cerebroventricular infusion of pentosan polysulphate in human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Infect 50 394-396... 

The degradation of proteoglycan by an elastase-enriched neutral protease preparation from leukocytes has been shown to be inhibited by pentosan polysulphate, an anti-inflammatory agent, presumably by formation of a complex between the drug and the proteoglycan. ... 

Sodium xylan polysulphate, an artificially sulphated (1 4)- 3-D-xylan, has been shown to prolong the partial thromboplastin clotting time of plasma. The differential effects of xylan sulphate on different blood serine proteases were discussed in terms of the antithrombin Ill-mediated anticoagulant activity of heparin. 

Another possibility is the application of mesenchymal precursor cells (MFCs) loaded in hydrogel with soluble factor as pentosan polysulphate [34], Frith et al showed evidence that this system has significant potential as both a delivery vehicle for MFCs and as a matrix for fibrocartilage tissue engineering applications. 

Frith, J.E., Cameron, A.R., Menzies, D.J., Ghosh, P., Whitehead, D.L., Gronthos, S., Zannettino, A.C., Cooper-White, J.J. An injectable hydrogel incorporating mesenchymal precursor cells and pentosan polysulphate for intervertebral disc regeneration. Biomaterials 34(37), 9430-9440 (2013)... 

Biesert L, Suhartono H, Winkler I, Meichsner C, Helsberg M, Hewlett G, Klimetzek V, Moiling K, Schlumberger HD, Schrinner E et al (1988) Inhibition of HIV and virus replication by polysulphated polyxylan Hoe/Bay 946, a new antiviral compound. AIDS 2 449-457... 

Andrews, J.L., Ghosh, R, Lentini, A., TemaL B. (1983) The interaction of pentosan polysulphate with human neutrophyl elastase and connective tissue matrix components. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 47, 157-173. 

Baici, A., Salgam, R, Fehr, K., Boni A. (1980) Inhibition of human elastase from PMN leucocytes by glycosaminoglycan polysulphate (arteparon). Biochemical Pharmacology, 29, 1723-1727. 

Hannan, H., Ghosh, R, Bellenger, C., Taylor, T. (1987) Systemic administration of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate (arteparon) provides partial protection of articular cartilage from damage produced by meniscectomy in the canine. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 5(1), 47-59. 

Postmen, O., Forsskahl, B., Markhind, M. (1988) Local glycosaminoglycan polysulphate injection therapy in osteoarthritis of the hand. A placebo controlled double-blind clinical study. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 17,197-202. 

The thesis of a linear acidic glycan firagment of keratan I, the trisulphated tetrose (84), from monosaccharide building blocks has been reported. The sulphate groups were introduced simultaneously, by use of Et3N-S03, in the last reaction step before final deprotection.Sulphated 2-O-a-D-fucoj anosyl o-DL-fucopyranosides and polysulphated bis-lactobionic acid amide derivatives are referred to in Chapters 3 and 4 respectively. 

Pentosan polysulphate (Mw 3000 g/mol) Whey proteins/anion exchange DC Comparison to dextran sulfate (Mw SO OOO g/mol) [611... 

---