Histamine heparin-binding

IgE - immunoglobulin E An antibody involved in local inflammatory reactions. Binding of antigen to IgE bound to receptors on mast cells and basophil leucocytes leads to release of all contents, including heparin, histamine and leukotrienes. 

The close association of histamine and heparin release in anaphylactic shock and in peptone shock suggests that complexes of histamine and heparin are held in biological systems. Histamine binds heparin in vitro, as shown by displacement tests, by dialysis, and by paper chromatography . Dextran sulphate, polymannuronic acid sulphate, polysulphated xylan and the iV-succinyl derivative of de-W-sulphated heparin give compounds with... 

This was chosen as the first clinical problem to be studied since it presents visible lesions produced by mixtures of inflammation, allergy, and infection, all of which should release histamine. The alkaline antibiotics neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin, and viomycin were combined with heparin because they could then produce the double-barreled action of an antibiotic complex with the antiinflammatory action of binding the endogeneously released histamine. It is further believed that by releasing the antibiotic slowly, toxic levels might be avoided in the plateau of release. 

As the results with weeping eczema demonstrated that heparin could be used clinically to bind the histamine, hay fever was selected for the next... 

The subject of the present review stems from the discoveries of A. Fischer and E. Jorpes. Fischer demonstrated that heparin binds or complexes with proteins and other bases and so modifies their biological activity. As a result, heparin is able to release or activate enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase -, to inhibit hormones such as cortisone and aldosterone , to detoxify toxic agents, and to bind histamine in body cells . Jorpes discovered that heparin is a highly sulphated polysaccharide and that it gives a specific colour reaction with dyes the metachromatic reaction. This resulted in (i) the association of heparin with the naturally occurring mucopolysaccharides ... 

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