Cruciate ligament

JF Innes, AR Barr, M Sharif. Efficacy of oral calcium pentosan polysulphate for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint secondary to cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. Veterinary Rec 146 433-437, 2000. 

Cruciate ligaments Collagen, proteoglycans Stabilizes knee... 

In mature tendon, collagen fibril bundles (fibers) have diameters between 1 and 300 mm and fibrils have diameters from 20 to over 280 nm (Figure 3.28). The presence of a crimp pattern in the collagen fibers has been established for rat tail tendon as well as for patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament the specific geometry of the pattern, however, differs from tissue to tissue. It is not clear that the crimp morphology of tendon is actually present in tendons that are under normal resting muscular forces. 

Brandt KD. Transection of the anterior cruciate ligament in the dog a model of osteoarthritis. Sem Arthritis Rheum 1991 21 22-32. 

When added to standard doses of morphine and a non- steroidal analgesic, 5-ketamine 0.5 mg/kg had no additional benefit in a randomized, double-blind study in 30 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament repair (9). 

Figure 2.12 Orientation of the strain gage sensor on the anteromedial aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament. (From B D Beynnon, M H Pope, C M Werthheimer, R J Johnson, B F Fleming, C E Nichols and J G Howe, The effect of functional knee-braces on strain on the anterior cruciate ligament in vivo, 1992 The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 74 A, no 9, 1298-1312.)... 

Beynnon B D, Pope M H, Werthheimer C M, Johnson R J, Fleming B F, Nichols C E and Howe J G 1992 The effect of functional knee-braces on strain on the anterior cruciate ligament in vivo J. Bone Joint Surg. A 74 1298-312 Doebelin E O 1990 Measurement Systems Application and Design 4th edn (New York McGraw-Hill)... 

Amis AA, Kempson AS, Campbell JR and Millee JH (1988) Anterior cruciate ligament replacement Biocompatibility and biomechanics of polyester and carbon fiber in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br 70 628. 

Dixon MC et al (2005) Modular fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasty with retention of the posterior cruciate ligament. A study of patients followed for a minimum of fifteen years. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(3) 598-603... 

We will choose one which everyone will be familiar with—the amazing human knee joint. The knee joint is unique in our bodies. It is quite unlike the ball and socket joints of our hips or shoulders and the pivot joint of our elbows. Although those are all marvels of engineering, the knee is truly exceptional. It consists of several elements, but the critical design parts are (a) the two condyles of the femur bone that rotate in (b) the matching concave grooves of the tibia, and (c and d) the two cruciate ligaments (so called because they cross over each other) that fit in the space between the condyles. 

Tashman, S. et al, Abnormal rotational knee motion during running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Am. J. Sports Med., 32,975,2004. 

S.L. Bourke, J. Kohn, M.G. Dunn, Preliminary development of a novel resorbable synthetic polymer fiber scaffold for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tissue Eng. 10 (2004) 43-52. 

F.R. Noyes, E.S. Grood, The strength of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans and Rhesus monkeys, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 58 (1976) 1074-1082. 

J.A. Hunt, J.T. Callaghan, Polymer-hydroxyapatite composite versus polymer interference screws in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a large animal model. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 16 (2008) 655-660. 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) DACRON Dupont Surgical suture membrane, vascular grafts, anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis... 

H.H. Lu, J.A. Cooper Jr., S. Manuel, J.W. Freeman, M.A. Attawia, F.K. Ko, C.T. Laurencin, Anterior cruciate ligament regeneration using braided biodegradable scaffolds in vitro optimization studies. Biomaterials 26 (23) (2005) 4805-4816. 

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