Polystyrene sulfonate, sodium salt

Serizawa and Akashi [95] analyzed the monolayer adsorption of polystyrene latex particles with cationic polyvinylamine grafted on their surface, while Serizawa et al. [96,97] used commercial anionic latex particles. Both types of particles were adsorbed on polyelectrolyte-coated substrates previously prepared by alternating adsorption of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes such as polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt (PSS) according to the method described by Decher [164]. Using... 

There is a limited number of polymers for which narrow MWD standards are commercially available polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(a-methyl styrene), polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyethylene, poly(dimethyl siloxane), polyethyleneoxide, pullulan, dextran, polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt, and globular proteins. In some cases, the standards available cover a limited molecular weight range, so it may be impossible to construct the calibration curve over the complete column pore volume. 

Figure 1. Reduced viscosity-concentration profiles of polystyrene and sulfonated sodium salt In tetrahydrofuran. (Reproduced from ref. 6. Copyright 1987 American Chemical Society.)...

Solutions of lightly sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) sodium salts with 0 and 19% perdeuterated chains were studied throughout a concentration range of 0. -4.0 g dL" in perdeuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF-ds). A 0.5 g dL solution of unmodified polystyrene (PS) was also measured for comparison. The scattered intensity I(q) can be interpreted using the well-known Zimm equation (12)... 

Sodium carbonate (2 1). See Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate peroxide (INCI) Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate. See Sodium percarbonate Sodium carbonate stabilized sulfonated polystyrene sodium salt. See Sodium polystyrene sulfonate Sodium 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl octadecanoate. See Sodium stearoyl lactylate... 

Water is softened by removing calcium and magnesium ions from hard water in exchange for sodium ions at sites on cation-exchange resin. Water softeners typically use a gel polystyrene sulfonate cation-exchange resin regenerated with a 10% salt brine solution (25). 

Anionic hydrophobic Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 0.1-0.3 M salt/buffer, pH 7-9 with 20% methanol... 

Drugs that may be affected by calcium include sodium polystyrene sulfonate, tetracyclines, verapamil. Iron salts and quinolones (oral only) digitalis glycosides (parenteral only). 

The polyelectrolyte systems studied were sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) (with sodium nitroanilinsulfonate being the inert salt) and some of the quaternized polyvinylpyridines listed in Table 2 (with Basic Blue 1=2-chloro-4, 4"-bis-dimethylamino-tritylium chloride being the inert salt). The PVP was quaternized to an extent of 60%, i.e. the reduced charge density is =1.7, while the PSS was sulfonated to an extent of 80%, hence =2.3. 

The sulfonated polystyrene beads can be used as a cation exchange resin. For example, if the sulfonated resin is treated with sodium hydroxide, the sodium salt of each of the sulfonic acid groups is formed. This resin can then be employed to exchange sodium cations for other cations in an aqueous solution. 

Polystyrene sulfonic acid has been used as sodium, potassium, and calcium salts. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate has been used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with renal insufficiency and as an adjuvant during hemodialysis. It can be given orally or rectally in all age groups (1). It has also been added to feeding formulae and nutritional supplements to reduce their potassium contents and so prevent hyperkalemia however, the reduction in potassium content was more than balanced by a concomitant increase in sodium content, presumably because of exchange of the sodium with calcium and magnesium (2,3). The uses and adverse effects of sodium polystyrene sulfonate have been reviewed (4,5). 

Potassium polystyrene sulfonate has been used to treat hypercalciuria and renal calculi. Calcium polystjrene sulfonate has been used to treat hyperkalemia, particularly in patients who cannot tolerate the extra sodium that would be provided by the sodium salt. 

In summary, these solution studies of sodium salts of lightly sulfonated polystyrene In tetrahydrofuran verify the presence of associating polymer behavior In lonomer solutions with nonionizing solvents. The results provide a molecular basis for the understanding of solution viscosity behavior. Individual lonomer colls are observed to retain constant dimensions while associating... 

The synthesis of lightly sulfonated polystyrene or S-PS has been described in several publications and patents (5, 6). In the current study only the sodium salt of S-PS has been investigated. 

Drifford M, Dalbiez JP. Effect of salt on sodium polystyrene sulfonate measured by light scattering. Biopolymers 1985 24 1501-1514. 

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