Sodium ion content

Sodium ion content in the raw materials and PIQ was analyzed. The results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that sodium ions are present primarily in the amine and aminocarbonamide. 

Figure 7. Influence of sodium ion content in PIQ on device characteristics.

The sodium and potassium salts of S02 are simpler and more pleasant to use as they do not have the odor of the pure liquid or the 5% water solution. They are rapidly soluble in must where they react with a small portion of the natural acid present to liberate S02. There are two sodium salts of S02 available, Na2S03 (neutral sodium sulfite) and NaHS03 (sodium acid sulfite). The latter compound introduces less sodium into the wine and removes less acid from the wine for an equivalent amount of S02 liberated. Potassium acid sulfite and potassium pyrosulfite (potassium metabisulfite) are the two salts of potassium with S02 that are readily available, soluble in grape juice, and capable of yielding S02 upon reaction with the acid of the juice. Potassium salt is recommended when it is desired to keep the wine low in sodium ion content for diet reasons. The salts should be edible or food product grade, that is, free of heavy metals and other toxic impurities. They must be stored in tightly closed containers or they will react with the water vapor and... 

Sodium Measurements. The sodium ion content was measured by two techniques 1) A Perkin-Elmer 403 atomic absorption unit was used to obtain the total amount of sodium in a particular solution and 2) an Orion 801 pH meter with Corning sodium-specific ion electrodes was used at 25 °C to determine the free sodium present. An attempt to measure the free sodium content at 60 °C failed because of thermal instability. It was especially important to determine if the sodium ions present were free so that correct molecular weights could be computed from the VPO data. The calibration was accomplished by dissolving small amounts of sodium benzoate in the DMF, or by using DMF-distilled water (3 + 1) mixtures containing dissolved NaOH. Both calibrations gave similar final results. Even though tap water was used in the synthesis, interference from other ions (e.g., Ag+, Li+, or NH4+) was considered minimal be-... 

Sodium /3- and /3"-alumina have a fascinating Ion Exchange chemistry. The sodium-ion content in a crystal or polycrystalline sample can be replaced by a large variety of monovalent cations, including K+, Cs+, Rb+, Ag+, Cu+, and T1+. The ion exchange reactions are straightforward. 

Figure 10. Effect of Total Sodium Ion Content on Viscosity for Two 60% Shell Crude. Emulsions with NaCl.

A feature of the kraft process vital to continued success is its integral, well-tested chemical recovery system. The digestion liquor for each batch of chips to be pulped is mainly obtained from the chemicals recovered from the spent liquor of previous digestions, and has approximately the composition given in Table 15.8. For kraft pulping it is usual to specify all of the components of the digestion liquor on a NaiO equivalent basis. This puts all the active constituents on the same sodium ion content basis. Thus, the actual concentration of sodium hydroxide present for a 73 g/F, NaiO equivalent is given by Eq. 15.12. 

A typical analysis for kraft white liquor for pulping is given below in terms of the sodium oxide equivalence. This puts all the dissolved components on the same sodium ion content basis. Using this information, calculate the actual molarities present of the three dissolved components in this sample of kraft white liquor. 

The sodium ion content of a urine specimen was determined by using an ion-selective electrode. The following values were obtained 102, 97, 99, 98, 101, 106 mM. What are the 95% and 99% confidence limits for the sodium... 

The isothermal method was used. The time allowed for equilibration was 12 - 45 hours About 1 - 2 g of liquid and solid phases were sampled simultaneously. The phases were separated from each other by filtration. The phosphate content was determined gravimetrically as NH MgPO 6H-0 The sodium ion content was determlned as sodium uranylacetate after removal of the phosphate ion. Nitrate ion content was determined by difference. The water content was determined by drying at 105°C to constant weight. 

From the above results, it could be concluded that the addition of excess amount of sodium ions into the crystallization system has apparent effect on the particulate properties of the product. At low batch alkalinity, the additional sodium ions causes de-aggregation of the final products, rendering the particles with more uniform size distributions. At high batch alkalinity, the excess amount of sodium ions triggers the surface condensation reactions on the crystalline end products. However, the crystallization rate is not enhanced by the increase of batch sodium ion content, indicating that the determining factor of crystallization of ZSM-5 zeolites in SDA-free system is concentration of low molecular weight silicate species, determined by batch alkalinity. 

Sorption characteristics for these films in concentrated NaOH solution at 80 C are listed in Table IV. The concentration of Na" " is seen to rise abruptly in these environments, due to the sorption of electrolyte solution. This electrolyte sorption is also reflected in the mole ratio of water to sodium ion in the polymers. This ratio is quite generally found to be smaller in the polymer phase than in solution, even in cases where a large fraction of sodium ion content is due to electrolyte sorption (14). This can be ascribed to the lower dielectric constant and less aqueous character of the polymer phase. However, in Table IV it is seen that the ratios closely approach those of the solution phase for these materials. This also suggests that microporosity is a prominent feature of these aromatic carboxylate films, as reflected in the highly solution-like environment which these ratios indicate. 

Diuretics increase the rate of urine formation. One common class of diuretics is the thiazide type represented by hydrochlorothiazide. The thiazides affect the renal tubular mechanisms of electrolyte reabsorption and therefore directly increase excretion of sodium and chloride ions. Hypertension has been linked to high sodium ion content and diuretics are used to combat hypertension by decreasing sodium levels. The thiazides... 

Features Rec, where reduced sodium ion content is desirable ammonium neutralized... 

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