Sucrose with sodium carbonate

The Sn2 reaction of octa-0-(methylsulfonyl)sucrose with sodium bromide revealed further the comparative reactivities of the sulfonyloxy substituent at C-6, C-6, and other carbon atoms.97 On treatment with sodium bromide in butanone, octa-0-(methylsul-fonyl)sucrose gave 6,6 -dibromo-6,6 -dideoxy-2,3,4,l, 3, 4 -hexa-O-(methylsulfonyl)sucrose and an equimolar mixture of 6- and 6 -bromodeoxysucrose heptakis(methanesulfonates) in 21 and 61% yield, respectively. Unlike the conclusion from previous observations,29,96 presence of the latter product suggested that the reactivities of the 6- and 6 -sulfonyloxy substituents in octa-O-(methylsulfonyl)-sucrose are comparable. The evidence was based only on the results of measurement of the intensity peaks of the H n.m.r. spectra of the... 

Methylfurfural may be prepared by a modification of this method, which is more rapid but gives lower yields.1 A solution of 800 g. of sucrose in 1 1. of hot water is allowed to flow slowly into a boiling solution of 500 g. of stannous chloride crystals, 2 kg. of sodium chloride, and 4 1. of 12 per cent sulfuric acid in a 12-I. flask. The aldehyde distils off as rapidly as it is formed and is steam-distilled from the original distillate after rendering it alkaline with sodium carbonate. The product is isolated by benzene extraction of the second distillate and distillation under reduced pressure. The yield is 27-35 g. (10-13 per cent of the theoretical amount). 

The polymer is mixed with sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium peroxide and sucrose or ethylene glycol, and ashed in a muffle furnace at 500°C (for sodium carbonate) or in an autoclave. The method is suitable for determination of zinc, chlorine, and bromine. 

A solution of sucrose (34.2 g, 0.1 mol) in dry DMF (400 mL) containing molecular sieve pellets (Vis in., type 3 A) was stirred with 2-methoxypropene (12.1 mL, 0.13 mol) in the presence of dry p-toluenesulfonic add (25 mg) for 40 min at 70°C, cooled to room temperature, and made neutral with anhydrous sodium carbonate. The inorganic residue wss filtered off and the filtrate evaporated to a syrup. Elution of the syrup from a column of silica gel with 1 1 ethyl acetate/acetone afforded the diacetal 2, l- 4,6-di-0-isopropylidene-sncn>8e 35 as a syrup 3 g (7%) [a]D +25.5° (c 1, methanol). Further elution gave the major product 4,6-O-isopropylidene-sucrose 34 yield 23 g (60%) white powder [a]D +45.4° (c 1.0, methanol).. 

Other physical phenomena that may be associated, at least partially, with complex formation are the effect of a salt on the viscosity of aqueous solutions of a sugar and the effect of carbohydrates on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of electrolytes. Measurements have been made of the increase in viscosity of aqueous sucrose solutions caused by the presence of potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium oxalate, and the potassium and calcium salt of 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid.81 Potassium acetate has a greater effect than potassium chloride, and calcium ion is more effective than potassium ion. Conductivities of 0.01-0.05 N aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate, in both the presence and absence of sucrose, have been determined by Selix.88 At a sucrose concentration of 15° Brix (15.9 g. of sucrose/100 ml. of solution), an increase of 1° Brix in sucrose causes a 4% decrease in conductivity. Landt and Bodea88 studied dilute aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, and tetra-... 

Procedure To the flasks containing 20.0 mL of each Test Preparation and to the Blank Preparation, add 5.00 mL of Acetate Buffer. At zero time, and at regular time intervals so that each test sample is analyzed in the same elapsed time, place the flasks containing the Test Preparations and the Blank Preparation in a circulating water bath maintained at 30.0° 0.1°. Equilibrate the samples for 10 min in the water bath. In the same order and with the same time intervals, rapidly pipet 25.00 mL of equilibrated Sucrose Substrate Solution into the test flasks. Incubate for 30.0 min, and stir continuously. Terminate the reaction by adding 10.00 mL of Sodium Carbonate Solution, and swirl to mix. Place the flasks containing the Test Preparations and the Blank Preparation in a water bath maintained at 20.0° 0.1° for 30 min. Use a... 

Lactic acid is prepared by the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as glucose, sucrose, and lactose, with Bacillus acidi lacti or related microorganisms. On a commercial scale, whey, corn starch, potatoes, or molasses are used as a source of carbohydrate. Lactic acid may also be prepared synthetically by the reaction between acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide at 130-200°C under high pressure, or by the hydrolysis of hexoses with sodium hydroxide. 

Traditionally, oxalic acid has been extracted from natural products by treating them with an alkaline solution, followed by crystallization of the acid. Sodium hydroxide is the alkaline material most commonly used for this procedure. Today, a number of methods are available for the commercial preparation of oxalic acid. In one procedure, carbon monoxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide to produce oxalic acid. Alternatively, sodium formate (COONa) is heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to obtain the acid. Another popular method of preparing oxalic acid involves the oxidation of sucrose (common table sugar) or more complex carbohydrates using nitric acid as a catalyst. The reaction results in the formation of oxalic acid and water as the primary products. 

Sucrose fatty acid polyesters, e.g., sucrose octapalmltate, have been synthesized in high yield by alkali metal catalysed transesterlflcat-lon of sucrose octaacetate with the appropriate methyl esters of the fatty acid in the absence of solvents. Dithlocarbonatlon of sucrose in sodium hydroxide-pyridine, which allows product acetylation without isolation, has been achieved using carbon disulphide. Chromatography yielded an anticipated range of partially xanthated, otherwise acetylated sucrose derivatives In pure form. 6,6 -Dl-0-... 

The effect of additives on the rehydration qualities of dehydrated vegetables was studied by Neumann [83] and Jayaraman et al. [81]. A combined predrying treatment of sodium carbonate and sucrose (60%) produced the best rehydrated celery, with a rehydration percentage of 71% and the dices were well filled out with texture remaining tender to firm [83]. Similarly, a presoaking treatment in a combined... 

Carbonate sucrose Mix 10 ml 40% sucrose with 10 ml 200 mM sodium carbonate. 

The effect of added electrolytes (sodium and potassium halides of progressively increasing molecular volume) in the concentration range 0.125—3 M on the viscosity behaviour of an aqueous sucrose solution (292 mM) between 25 and 40 °C has been investigated. Conductance data on the interaction of the sodium salts of several low-carbon aliphatic acids with sucrose in water and in formamide solutions have been reported and interpreted in terms of the effects that hydrocarbon chains have on hydrogen bonding in saturated solutions of sucrose. Conductance data have also been reported for the interaction of sucrose with symmetrical tetra-alkylammonium halides in formamide and in water in the temperature range 25—70°C. 

Indeed, the compositional flexibility of mesoporous materials is such that it is possible to prepare mesoporous organosilicas with organic groups (e.g., ethene) inside the pore walls. An unusual property of mesoporous silicas is that they can themselves be used as templates for the formation of mesoporous carbon. The mesoscopi-cally ordered nanoporous (or mesoporous) carbon molecular sieves are prepared by carbonizing sucrose (or other carbon precursors) inside the pores of mesoporous silica molecular sieve. The mesoporous carbon is obtained after subsequent removal of the silica template by dissolution in HF (hydrofluoric acid) or NaOH (sodium hydroxide) solution. 

D-Glucose reacted with dodecyl chloroformate in DMF in the presence of sodium carbonate to produce a mixture of carbonates which was separated into mono-, di-, and tri-carbonates by t.l.c. on silica gel. Sucrose monoesters have been prepared in 44—85% yield from sucrose and 1-alkoxyethyl isocyanates in DMF containing triethylamine. The syntheses and properties of sucrose A (aryloxyalkaneacyl)-carbamates from sucrose and the corresponding isocyanate have been reported. As part of a study of the behaviour of the... 

Deoxynojirimycin has been prepared from sucrose in 35% overall yield by successive treatment with triphenylphosphine-carbon tetrachloride, sodium azide and acid resin to give 6-azido-6-deoxy-D-glucose and 6-azido-6-deoxy-D-fructose in which the former could be converted to more of the latter by use of polymer supported glucose isomerase. Hydrogenation of the fructose derivative gave DNJ. ... 

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