Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon analysis

The quality of the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is often dependent on the extraction efficiency. Clay and other cohesive soils lower the ability to extract polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Another potential problem with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon analysis is that the test kits may have different responses for different compounds. 

Troost and Olavesen investigated the application of an internal standardization to the quantitative analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The following results were obtained for the analysis of the analyte phenanthrene using isotopically labeled phenanthrene as an internal standard... 

Dong, M. W. and Greenberg, A., Liquid chromatographic analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with diode array detection, /. Liq. Chromatogr., 11, 1887, 1988. 

In LIF detection systems, excitation power may be increased up to six orders of magnitude compared to CF detection. Most LC-LIF detection concerns under-ivatised polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fluorescing dyes (e.g. polymethines). Because only a limited number of analytes possess native fluorescence, derivatisation of the analyte before detection is normally required in trace analysis of organic solutes by means of LIF detection. LIF detection in HPLC was reviewed... 

Sardella, D.J. Boger, E. Ghoshal, P.K. In "Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Chemical Analysis and Biological Fate Cooke, M. Dennis, A.J., Eds. Battelle Press Columbus, Ohio, 1981, pp. 529-38. 

Leversee, G.J., Giesy, J.P., Landrum, P.F., Bartell, S., Gerould, S. Bruno, M., Spacie, A., Bowling, J., Haddock, J., Fannin, T. (1981) Disposition of benzo(a) pyrene in aquatic systems components Periphyton, Chironomids, Daphania, Fish. In Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Chemical Analysis and Biological Fate. Cooke, M., Dennis, A.J., Eds., pp. 357-367. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio. 

Fuoco et al. [539] has reported the analysis of priority pollutants in seawater using online supercritical fluid chromatography, cryotrap gas chromatogra-phy-mass spectrometry. Using this system polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls were measured in seawater with recoveries better than 75%. 

Bayer, U. 1978. In vivo induction of sister chromatid exchanges by three polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Pages 42428 in P.W. Jones and R.I. Freudenthal (eds.) Carcinogenesis — A Comprehensive Survey. Vol. 3. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Second International Symposium on Analysis, Chemistry, and Biology. Raven Press, New York. 

Black, J.J., T.F. Hart, Jr., and E. Evans. 1981. HPLC studies of PAH pollution in a Michigan trout stream. Pages 343-355 in M. Cooke and A.J. Dennis (eds.). Chemical Analysis and Biological Fate Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Fifth International Symposium. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

McIntyre, A.E., R. Perry, and J.N. Lester. 1981. Analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludges. Anal. Lett. 14(A4) 291-309. 

The analysis of organosulphur compounds has been greatly facilitated by the flame photometric detector [2], Volatile compounds can be separated by a glass capillary chromatographic column and the effluent split to a flame ionization detector and a flame photometric detector. The flame photometric detector response is proportional to [S2] [3-6]. The selectivity and enhanced sensitivity of the flame photometric detector for sulphur permits quantitation of organosulphur compounds at relatively low concentrations in complex organic mixtures. The flame ionization detector trace allows the organosulphur compounds to be referenced to the more abundant aliphatic and/or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. 

To determine the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, approved methods (e.g., EPA SW-846 8021B, SW-846 8260) are not only recommended but are insisted upon for regulatory issues. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be present in condensate, and evaluation of condensate contamination should include the use of other test methods (EPA SW-846 8270, SW-846 8310) provided that the detection limits are adequate to the task of soil and groundwater protection. Generally, at least one analysis may be required for the most contaminated sample location from each source area. Condensate releases in nonsensitive areas require analysis for naphthalene only. The analysts should ensure that the method has detection limits that are appropriate for risk determinations. 

Lao RC, Thomas RS, Chiu C, et al. 1985. Analysis of PAH and organic compounds in environmental samples. In Cooke M, Dennis AJ, ed. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Columbus, OH Battelle, 813-826. 

Schuetzle, D T. E. Jensen, and J. C. Ball, Polar Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives in Extracts of Particulates Biological Characterization and Techniques for Chemical Analysis, Enriron. Int., 11, 169-181 (1985). 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sampling and Analysis Procedures for Screening of Industrial Effluents for Priority Pollutants. Method 610, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH, 1977. 

A CASE-SAR analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenicity. Mutat. Res., 242, 285-303. 

Clarke, J. U., and V. A. McFarland, Uncertainty analysis for an equilibrium partitioning-based estimator of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulation potential in sediments , Environ. Tox. Chem., 19, 360-367 (2000). 

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