Soils cohesive

Atterberg (1911-1912) developed an apparatus shown in Figure 97 for the determination of soil cohesion. This apparatus depends on the... 

Figure 97. Atterberg s Apparatus for Determination of Soil Cohesion.

For short-term or undrained loading analysis (( ) = 0) the factor N is zero and the factor N c is selected from Figure 10.43 for the anticipated relative embedment depth D/B and soil cohesion (a distance B above the anchor) in the soft rupture zone. The soil cohesion can be measured in place with a field vane or cone penetrometer or determined from laboratory tests on core samples such as the unconfined compression or triaxial CU test. If soil strength data are not available, the strength profile can be estimated using d CTot = 0.30, where the vertical effective stress (o J is estimated using a buoyant unit weight of 4 kN/m. ... 

Subgrade bearing capacity depends on many factors, but mainly on the size of soil particles and soil cohesion, moisture content and degree of the compaction of soil or soil material used. 

Another possible index of erosion for chernozem soils is the content of humus, which consists mainly of particles ranging in size from 0.001 to 1 mm. The humus makes the soil cohesive the higher the humus content, the more resistant will the soil be to erosion. In water erosion, however, the humus is washed away by the water flow. This can be seen by comparing the particle size distribution for a calcareous chernozem before and after washing with water at a depth of no more than 10 mm [350] ... 

Pile Type Consistency of Soil Cohesion, psf Adhesion, psf... 

Geophysicists prefer to talk about cohesive bed forms when exploring the movement of clays in rivers. For certain soils, cohesive forces develop between the solid particles. Graf (1971) indicated that Equation 6-43 should be modified to Include Xq> a coefficient of cohesion of the material. 

Influence of Soil Strength Properties The soil strength properties, soil friction angle, [Pg.65]

When making measurements in the soil box, it has to be remembered that soil samples can change from their original condition and this will have an effect on the resistivity. Soil resistivity measurements in the soil box only give accurate results with cohesive soils. However, the order of magnitude of the specific resis-... 

The ideal soil is defined as a loose, granular medium that is devoid of cohesion but possesses internal friction. In contrast, an ideal cohesive medium is one that is devoid of internal friction. Real soils generally fall between the foregoing two limiting definitions. 

Unconfined compression tests are used to estimate the shearing strength of cohesive soils. 

Density of soil in place by the sleeve method Unconsolidated undrained compressive strength of cohesive soils in triaxial compression... 

Direct shear test of soils under consolidated drained conditions Consolidated-undrained triaxial compression test on cohesive soils One-dimensional consolidation properties of soils One-dimensional consolidation properties of soils using controlled-strain loading... 

One-dimensional swell or settlement potential of cohesive soils California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of laboratory-compacted soils Bearing ratio of soils in place Permeability of granular soils by constant head pH of soil for use in corrosion testing... 

Unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil Unconfined compressive strength index of chemical-grouted soils Slump of portland cement concrete... 

Chiou et al. (1998) attributed the enhanced partitioning of PAHs with respect to other HOCs to relatively high compatibility between the cohesive energy densities of PAHs and the aromatic components in SOM. However, the difference in Koc values between soils and sediments is related to the difference in polar group, rather than aromatic carbon, contents (Kile et al. 1999). The authors concluded that the content of polar groups (O-aryl and carboxyl C) has a large negative influence on Koc values, and hence on HOC sorption in soil and sediment. 

Immunoassay tests do not identify specific fuel types and are best used as screening tools. The tests are dependent on soil type and homogeneity. In particular, for clay and other cohesive soils, the tests are limited by a low capacity to extract hydrocarbons from the sample. 

The quality of the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is often dependent on the extraction efficiency. Clay and other cohesive soils lower the ability to extract polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Another potential problem with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon analysis is that the test kits may have different responses for different compounds. 

Other LAS homolog structural effects on wettability and soil removal were found when the data were analyzed using the cohesive energy ratio, R, the regular solution theories of the... 

Correlation Plot of Cohesive Energy Ratio for LAS Homolog Detergency of Mineral and the Experimental Soil Removal. 

The HAZCON solidification process is an ex situ technology for the immobilization of metals and inorganic hazardous wastes in wet or dry soil and sludges. The technology is a cement-based process in which the contaminated material is mixed with pozzolanic materials such as Portland cement, a patented additive called Chloranan, and water. The process is capable of treating solids, sludges, semisolids, or liquids. The mixture hardens into a cohesive mass that immobilizes heavy metals. 

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