Aromatic hydrocarbons, analysis

Apparent indicator constant 264, 267 Apparent stability constant 59 Aqua regia 111 Arc alternating current, 764 direct current, 763, 771 sensitivities of elements, (T), 766 Aromatic hydrocarbons analysis of binary mixtures, 715 Arsenates, D. of (ti) 357 Arsenic, D. of as silver arsenate, (ti) 357 as trisulphide, (g) 448 by iodine, (am) 634, (ti) 397 by molybdenum blue method, (s) 681 by potassium bromate, (ti) 406 by potassium iodate, (ti) 401 in presence of antimony, (s) 724 Arsenic(III) oxide as primary standard, 261... 

The quality of the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is often dependent on the extraction efficiency. Clay and other cohesive soils lower the ability to extract polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Another potential problem with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon analysis is that the test kits may have different responses for different compounds. 

If groundwater samples have a documented effervescence problem, request a 7-day holding time for volatile aromatic hydrocarbon analysis of unpreserved samples. 

Galle B, Grennfelt P. 1983. Instrument for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis of airborne particules by capillary gas chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr 279 643-648. 

Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Sorsa M, Miller M, et al. 1986. Genotoxicity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis of environmental tobacco smoke samples from restaurants. Mutagenesis 1 287- 292. 

Filipkowska, A., Lubecki, L., and Kowalewska, G. 2005. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis in different matrices of the marine environment. Anal. Ghim. Acta, 547 243-254. 

Henry, R.B., Siebrand, W. Spin-orbit coupling in aromatic hydrocarbons. Analysis of nonradiative transitions between singlet and triplet states in benzene and naphthalene. J. Chem. Phys. 54, 1072-1085 (1971)... 

Nevertheless, this type of analysis, usually done by chromatography, is not always justified when taking into account the operator s time. Other quicker analyses are used such as FIA (Fluorescent Indicator Analysis) (see paragraph 3.3.5), which give approximate but usually acceptable proportions of saturated, olefinic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Another way to characterize the aromatic content is to use the solvent s aniline point the lowest temperature at which equal volumes of the solvent and pure aniline are miscible. 

Troost and Olavesen investigated the application of an internal standardization to the quantitative analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The following results were obtained for the analysis of the analyte phenanthrene using isotopically labeled phenanthrene as an internal standard... 

Wingen, L. M. Low, J. C. Pinlayson-Pitts, B. J. Chromatography, Absorption, and Pluorescence A New Instrumental Analysis Experiment on the Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Smoke, ... 

Principal component analysis has been used in combination with spectroscopy in other types of multicomponent analyses. For example, compatible and incompatible blends of polyphenzlene oxides and polystyrene were distinguished using Fourier-transform-infrared spectra (59). Raman spectra of sulfuric acid/water mixtures were used in conjunction with principal component analysis to identify different ions, compositions, and hydrates (60). The identity and number of species present in binary and tertiary mixtures of polycycHc aromatic hydrocarbons were deterrnined using fluorescence spectra (61). 

Another application of SFC-GC was for the isolation of chrysene, a poly aromatic hydrocarbon, from a complex liquid hydrocarbon industrial sample (24). A 5 p.m octadecyl column (200 cm X 4.6 mm i.d.) was used for the preseparation, followed by GC analysis on an SE-54 column (25 m X 0.2 mm i.d., 0.33 p.m film thickness). The direct analysis of whole samples transferred from the supercritical fluid chromatograph and selective and multi-heart-cutting of a particular region as it elutes from the SFC system was demonstrated. The heart-cutting technique allows the possibility of separating a trace component from a complex mixture (Figure 12.21). 

An alternative way of eliminating water in the RPLC eluent is to introduce an SPE trapping column after the LC column (88, 99). After a post-column addition of water (to prevent breakthrough of the less retained compounds), the fraction that elutes from the RPLC column is trapped on to a short-column which is usually packed with polymeric sorbent. This system can use mobile phases containing salts, buffers or ion-pair reagents which can not be introduced directly into the GC unit. This system has been successfully applied, for example, to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples (99). 

DETERMINATION OF THE ABSORPTION CURVES OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND THE ANALYSIS OF BINARY MIXTURES... 

Determination of the absorption curves of aromatic hydrocarbons and the analysis of binary mixtures 715... 

In summary, examples of the successful use of silica gel as a conventional stationary phase are in the analysis of mixtures containing polarizable and relatively low polarity solutes typified by mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatics, nitro compounds, carotenes and vitamin A formulas. 

Richnow HH, A Eschenbach, B Mahro, R Seifert, P Wehrnng, P Albrecht, W Michaelis (1998) The nse of Relabelled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for the analysis of their transformation in soil. Chemosphere 36 2211-2224. 

Demanhche S, C Meyer, J Micoud, M Louwagie, JC Wilson, Y Jouanneau (2004) Identification and functional analysis of two ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases from a Sphingomonas strain that degrades various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 6714-6725. 

Berngard A, A Colmsjo, B-O Lundmark (1993) Gas chromatographic analysis of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons II Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with relative molecular masses exceeding 328. J Chromatogr 630 287-295. 

Analysis of the occurrence and frequency of genes encoding the dioxygenases for aromatic hydrocarbons have been used to evaluate the potential of a site for bioremediation ... 

Griebler C, M Safinowski, A Vieth, HH Richnow, RU Meckenstock (2004) Combined application of stable carbon isotope analysis and specific metabolites determination for assessing in situ degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a tar oil-contaminated aquifer. Environ Sci Technol 38 617-631. 

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