Polymers sports equipment

Hardness is increased appreciably. Wood-polymer composites are currently used in certain sporting equipment, musical instmments, decorative objects, and high performance flooring. 

Kevlar, a polymer, is a special kind of fiber that is five times stronger than steel, and it is used to make body armor and sports equipment. 

Second behind packaging in the United States is the use of polymers in fiber and fiberfill applications that encompass the apparel, sports equipment, building and construction, electronic, furniture and furnishings, and industrial/machinery markets. In 1998, 4.8 million metric t of manufactured fiber was produced for use in traditional consumer products such as apparel, carpets, upholstered furniture, and bedding as well as in high-tech applications such as composite materials, medical devices, and electronic circuit boards (17). Key fiber types include polyester, nylon, olefin,... 

The acid chloride is dissolved, for example, in hexane, and the diamine in water along with some NaOH to soak up the HCl. The aqueous layer is gently poured on top of the diamine solution. The reactants diffuse to the interface, where they react rapidly to form a polymer film. The resulting polymer is insoluble in both phases and can be drawn off in the form of a rope. The continuous thread or rope can be wound on a windlass until one or the other of the two reactants is exhausted (Fig. 14.24). This polyamide has found applications in sport equipment and bristles for brushes. 

Calthane. [Cal Polymers] Two-component urethane dastomer for flexible and rigid castings, prosthetics, underwater sports equipment, optied lenses, art objects, mech. devices, flexible windshields, industrial tubing or sheeting, toys, adhesives. 

Improvements of this magnitude in dimensional stability may lead to a diversity of applications, e.g., cutlery handles, industrial patterns, flooring, veneers, sports equipment, and even musical instruments. It should be noted, however, that even partial rehydration may in some cases lead to problems with polymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), that tend to bloom and... 

Polymer wood has improved mechanical properties compared to wood. It is used for window frames, sports equipment, musical instruments, and boats. A parquet floor of polymer wood does not require subsequent sealing. 

Other possible uses that have been suggested for the material in the United States are in sports equipment and also in patterns for molding. Weight problems are likely to be important as far as sports goods are concerned, since the density of the wood plastics material is appreciably greater than wood itself, but undoubtedly possibilities exist for replacement of expensive and often scarce timbers by polymer-loaded woods. 

Polycarbonates such as Lexan are tough, transparent polymers with high tensile strength that are used for products ranging from sporting equipment to unbreakable windows. 

Polymers are well-suited as matrix materials due to their low density and their low processing temperatures. Accordingly, composites with a polymer matrix are of extreme technical importance. They are indispensable in aerospace industry and many other areas, for example in sports equipment. Polymer matrix composites can be used with long and short fibres. We will start this section by discussing long-fibre polymer matrix composites and then study short-fibred ones. 

Applications computers, consumer electronics, household devices, peripherials, sport equipment, telecommunication Dompas, D Groeninckx, G Isoga-wa, M Hasegawa, T Kadokura, M, Polymer, 35,22, 4750-59,1994. 

Advanced composites (so called due to the extremely high mechanical properties of the fibers) used in the aerospace industry and for certain sports equipment (e.g. skis, tennis rackets, golf clubs, etc.) are made with continuous carbon fibers in a polymer matrix (e.g., epoxy, PEEK, etc.) and are most often laminated, vacuum bagged and cured under high heat and pressure. 

Several types of continuous ceramic fibres are used here. Fibres made of -type glass s ( 2. Tradition continued. The silica tradition) in composites used for constmction of boats, carbon fibres (Fig. 3.12) in composites used for aviation and sports equipment. Materials other than the continuous fibres can also be applied. Namely, particles where at least one dimension is <100 nm, like clay minerals ( 2. The tradition continued. The clay tradition), carbon nanombes and graphenes (—> 5. Unusual ceramic dielectrics and conductors). Due to a high ratio of length to thickness such fillers are in contact with the polymer matrix over a large area. Therefore, their effect on strength and fracture toughness—can be observed even with a low-volume fractions of fillers (firom 0.5 to 15 %wt). Due to the dimensions of these fillers, these composites are often referred to as nanocomposites. 

Polymer-clay nanocomposites are applied in packing, transport, sports equipment, and other industries. However, mechanical, thermal, and other physicochemical properties of clay-containing polymeric nanocomposites are still a subject of many investigations. 

---