Polymers colorant properties

Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Copolymers. SAN resins are random, amorphous copolymers whose properties vary with molecular weight and copolymer composition. An increase in molecular weight or in acrylonitrile content generally enhances the physical properties of the copolymer but at some loss in ease of processing and with a slight increase in polymer color. 

Fabric Composition. The method of fabric manufacture dictates many of the characteristics of the sheet, but intrinsic properties are firmly estabhshed by the base polymer selected. Properties such as fiber density, temperature resistance, chemical and light stabiUty, ease of coloration, surface energies, and others are a function of the base polymer. Thus, because nylon absorbs more moisture than polypropylene, spunbonded fabrics made from nylon are more water absorbent than fabrics of polypropylene. 

The level of technical service support provided for a given product generally tracks in large part where the suppHer considers thek product to be located within the spectmm of commodity to specialty chemicals. Technical service support levels for pure chemicals usually provided in large quantities for specific synthetic or processing needs, eg, ammonia (qv), sulfuric acid (see SuLFURic ACID AND SULFURTRIOXIDe), formaldehyde (qv), oxygen (qv), and so forth, are considerably less than for more complex materials or blends of materials provided for multistep downstream processes. Examples of the latter are many polymers, colorants, flocculants, impact modifiers, associative thickeners, etc. For the former materials, providing specifications of purity and physical properties often comprises the full extent of technical service requked or expected by customers. These materials are termed undifferentiated chemicals (9),... 

Mechanical and Chemical Properties. Colorants, especially pigments, can affect the tensile, compressive, elongation, stress, and impact properties of a polymer (5). The colorants can act as an interstitial medium and cause microcracks to form in the polymer colorant matrix. This then leads to degradation of the physical properties of the system. Certain chemicals can attack colorants and there can be a loss of physical properties as well as a loss of the chromatic attributes of the colorant. Colorants should always be evaluated in the resin in which they will be used to check for loss of properties that ate needed for the particular appHcations. 

In a polar polymer, i.e., cellulose acetate (CA) or nitrocellulose (NC) 35E, 35Z, and 36 had a relatively longer absorption maximum wavelength than in less polar matrices. In NC the of 36 shifts to 528 nm, which is also longer than in organic solvents. The role of polymer films in the quantum yields of photoreactions is not clear. In a comparison of the photochemical properties of 35 in polymer films and in solvents, it was found that the E c in polymer matrices was substantially smaller than that in the corresponding solvent with similar polarity. However, the decoloration quantum yield Oc e in a polymer film was larger than that in solvents. In conclusion, the polymer matrix properties, such as polarity, viscosity, and glass transition temperature (Tg) are quite important for photochromic reactions and applications. The coloration, E — Z and Z —> E isomerizations were suppressed in polymer matrices. 

Whether you are working with neat polymers or blends of polymers, color and appearance must be engineered just like any other desired thermal or mechanical property. The ability to achieve the desired color can be adversely affected by the base polymer itself or the combination with other polymers, modifiers, additives or stabilizers. Even if the color can be achieved in the blended system, other performance attributes such as UV stability, flammability, or mechanical properties may be adversely affected as well. This paper looks at some of these color concerns in coloring polymers and blends. 

Uses Defoamer with good water dispersibility, effective in most latex and copolymer systems, paints/coatingis based on syn. polymers Features Exc. compat. with tints and colorants Properties 100% act. 

Polymeric materials include single polymer resins or a mixture or blend of polymer-polymer, polymer-filler, polymer-additives, or polymer-colorants. It has been stated that in the future the polymer blends having two or more polymer resins and others are needed to meet the material properties necessary for various... 

The dimensions, shape, aspect ratio, and other morphology characteristics influence the macroscopic properties of the materials. The microstmcture of particles is frequently used to explain the viscoelastic, electric, magnetic, and optical properties. In the field of composites, microscopy is essential to measure the shape and size of particle filler inside of the polymer, but it is important to determine particle distribution, segregation, and characteristics of the interface, hi the field of colloidal polymers, the properties of particles can be studied to explain the stability, rheology, color, and coalescence. The main techniques used to characterize the microscopic stracture of polymers are scanning electron miaoscopy (SEM), TEM, scanning probe microscopy (SPM), and their related techniques. 

Outstanding properties highly effective at low concentrations, non-staining, in unsaturated elastomers prevents the gel formation, maintains excellent polymer color, and prevents molecular weight changes ... 

Color Science Image Processing Metal Cluster Chemistry Optical Information Processing Photochromic Glasses Phosphors Polymers, Electronic Properties Polymers, Photorespon-siVE (IN Electronic Applications) Smart Pixels... 

As one of such heat-resistant polymers, heat-resistant ABS is a plastic having excellent processability and mechanical properties, and it is the product that can particularly be applied to the field requiring high heat resistance among the applications where coloring properties and gloss are demanded. As the major use, it is broadly applied to electric and electronic products and daily miscellaneous goods further, it can be extensively applied to the interior and exterior materials of automobiles. 

Besides reinforcement for rubber, the principal functions that carbon black imparts to a compoimd material are color, ultraviolet damage resistance, electrical conductivity, nondegradation of polymer physical properties, and ease of dispersion. The carbon blacks used for these purposes are classified as special-grade blacks. Smaller volume applications exploit other principal attributes, such as chemical inertness, thermal stability, and an open porous structure. The secondary attributes include chemical and physical purity, low affinity for water adsorption, and ease of transportation and handling. 

A group of colorants that falls outside of the classical definition of dyes and pigments consists of polymeric colorants. In this group, the chromogen (i.e., the molecular moiety responsible for color) is attached to a polymer backbone. The polymer is chosen to change or enhance the colorant properties such as liquidity, solubility, compatibility, or fugitivity. An example of a polymeric, water-soluble colorant is shown in scheme 3 in Fig. 3 [32,33]. 

UV radiation may lead to changes in polymer color and to degradation of their physical properties, especially in polyolefins, ABS, PVC, and PC [29]. 

Powdered forms of plastics and rubbers are of worldwide interest. They allow the economical, low energy mixing of polymers with additives such as colorants, plasticizers, stabilizers, curatives, etc. The gentleness of powder mixing preserves polymer integrity, properties, and thus subsequent performance characteristics. 

ROMP was carried out in absolute chlorobenzene under N2 in a glove box using Mo(CH-r-butKNAr)(0-r-but)2 13) as the catalyst. Than the polymers were precipitated in a > 5 fold excess of methanol, washed and dried. If impiuities (monomer, catalyst, etc.) were detected in the polymer (colored polymer, or by means of IR- or NMR-spectroscopy) the polymer was repredpitated from for further purification. In one case K2RUC35 H2O and 23 di-aceto -7-oxa-S-norbomene (ca. 5 mol% of the 2,3-diacet037-S-norbomene) in ethanol/water (1 1) was used as the initiator, but no drastic differences in the pofymer properties were observed (9) (more details about the initiating system see ref.) 14). 

PEE was also synthesized with the mixture of BD and l,4-butene-2-diol (B2D) [71,73,74] (Scheme 4). Nelsen et al. [71] proved that the addition of up to 15 wt% of B2D instead of BD in the PEE synthesis improves the physical and processing properties without changing the polymer color. 

Chem. Descrip. Aromatic phosphate ester Uses Emulsifier for polymers, pesticides, cleaning formulations Features Stable In strongly alkaline and electrolytic sol ns, high temps. promotes latex stability and adhesion of the resultant polymer film Properties Lt. amber liq. Gardner color 4 max. sol. in water sp.gr. 1.12 dens. 

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