Color Polymer

S.-C. Chang, J. Bharathan, Y. Yang, R. Helgeson, F. Wudl, M.B. Ramey, and J.R. Reynolds, Dual-color polymer light-emitting pixels processed by hybrid inkjet printing, Appl. Phys. Lett., 73 2561-2563, 1998. 

Enzymatic browning. Phenol-oxidizing enzymes (such as tyrosinase and peroxidase) oxidize tyrosine residues into reactive quinone derivatives, which will condense into colored polymers (melanins). Melanins are rich in carboxyl groups and therefore have high affinity for divalent metal ions such as calcium. 

A variety of inorganic and organic compounds are used to color polymers. 

In another research laboratory, surprised by the lack of success of other research groups and the previous statements about the impossibility of applying biocatalytic chemistry to polithiophenes and polypyrroles, special attention was paid to the enzymatic polymerization of the EDOT monomer [43]. In this case, the first trials succeeded and a blue-colored polymer solution was obtained after 16h of reaction (Scheme 4). As is well-known, an acidic reaction medium is suitable to increase the rate of polymerization. Protonic acids and a variety of Lewis acids catalyze the equilibrium reaction of EDOT to the corresponding dimeric and trimeric compounds without further oxidation or reaction [44]. In this work, three different pHs were evaluated (pH = 2, 4, and 6) in order to establish the optimum for adequate synthesis of EDOT. The UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectra for these three reactions are... 

Thus in coloring polymers by mastication it should be considered that dyes of different classes, even in small amounts, may affect the material properties, see Table 11. 

Title Aqueous Inks Containing Colored Polymers... 

A benzo[ /]thioxanthene unit has been incorporated in the emission layer of an OLED display <2004USP2004140761> as part of a polycyclic pigment 614 employed for coloring polymers, inks and toners <2000USP6046335> and also as the key component 615 of a red fluorescence-conversion film and associated electroluminescent devices <1998JPP10316964>. 

Instead of Et3Al, other alkylaluminum compounds (including alkylalu-minum halides) were used in the first-generation catalysts. These catalysts are used in the classic olefin polymerization process. In industry, however, the low activities of the catalysts required them to be present in high concentrations. Removal of catalyst residues from the colored polymer, by washing with HC1 and alcohols, was also necessary (21). 

Diacetylenes of the type shown in Scheme 13 can react under thermal or photochemical conditions to give crystalline polymers [80]. The change from colorless monomer to brightly colored polymer crystals of the same shape can occur... 

Specialty Plastics, Colorants Polymer Alloys Electronic Materials... 

In several industrial processes the engineer has to deal with non-Newtonian fluids of which food processing and production processes involving glues, colors, polymer solutions, and pure polymers are well-known examples. 

Upon exposure to heat, UV- or y-radiation diacetylenes are converted from a soluble monomer crystal which is transparent if pure, i.e., free of residual polymer, to a deeply colored polymer crystal. With a few exceptions, the latter is insoluble in all common solvents. The color arises from the lowest n-electron transition of the conjugated polymer backbone, which has its maximum near 600 nm. It is of excitonic origin 48-50) carries an oscillator strength of the order unity. Both insolubility and optical... 

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