Biomaterials polymers

Woo GLY, Mittehnan MW, and Santerre JP. Synthesis and characterization of a novel biodegradable antimicrobial polymer. Biomaterials, 2000, 21, 1235-1246. 

J Heller. Controlled release of biologically active compounds from bioerodible polymers. Biomaterials 1 51, 1980. 

Ishihara, K. (2000) Bioinspired phospholipid polymer biomaterials for making high performance artificial organs. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 1, 131—138. 

Kimura M, Fukumoto K, Watanabe J et al (2005) Spontaneously forming hydrogel from water-soluble random- and block-type phospholipid polymers. Biomaterials 26 6853-6862... 

S. M. Sagnella, F. Kligman, E. H. Anderson, J. E. King, G. Murugesan, R. E. Marchant, and K. Kottke-Marchant, Human microvascular endothelial cell growth and migration on biomi-metic surfactant polymers, Biomaterials, 25 (2004) 1249-1259. 

J. Heller, Controlled Release of Biologically Active Compounds from Bioerodible Polymers, Biomaterials 1, 51 (1980). 

Hersel U, Kessler H (2003) RGD modified polymers biomaterials for stimulated cell adhesion and beyond. Biomaterials 24 4385 1414... 

Kroschwitz, J. I. (1989), Polymers Biomaterials and Medical Applications, Wiley, New York. 

The low temperatures used in sol-gel synthesis open up the possibility of preparing hydroxyapatite/ polymer biomaterials with the combination of high-mechanical strength and light weight. 

Kato Y, Onishi H, Machida Y (2000). Evaluation of N-succinyl-chitosan as a systemic long-circulating polymer. Biomaterials. 21 1579-1585. 

The main requirement imposed on all polymer biomaterials applied in medicine is a combination of their desired physicochemical and physicomechanical characteristics with biocompatibility. Depending on particular applications, the biocompatibility of polymers can include various requirements, which can sometimes be contradictory to each other. Thns, in the case of artificial vessels, drainages, intraocular lenses, biosensors, or catheters, the interaction of the polymer with a biological medium should be minimized for the rehable operation of the corresponding device after implantation. In contrast, in the majority of orthopedic applications, the active interaction and fusion of an implant with a tissne is required. General requirements imposed on all medical polymers consist in non-toxicity and stability. 

Ishaug-Riley, S. L. et al.. Three-dimensional culture of rat calvarial osteoblasts in porous biodegradable polymers. Biomaterials, 19, 1405, 1998. 

Svennersten, K., Bolin, M.H., Jager, E.W., Berggren, M., Richter-Dahlfors, A., 2009. Electrochemical modulation of epithelia formation using conducting polymers. Biomaterials 30,6257-6264. 

Bemkop-Schnurch, A. Mucoadhesive polymers. In Dumitriu, S. (ed.) Polymer Biomaterial, pp. 147-165, Marcel Dekker, New York (2002)... 

Knowles, J., Hastings, G., Ohta, H., Niwa, S., Boeree, N. Development of a degradable composite for orthopaedic use in vivo biomechanical and histological evaluation of two bioactive degradable composites based on the polyhydroxybutyrate polymer. Biomaterials 13, 491 96 (1992)... 

Sosnik, A. Cohn, D. (2004) Ethoxysilane-capped PEO-PPO-PEO triblocks a new family of reverse thermo-responsive polymers. Biomaterials, 25, 2851-2858. 

Ye SH, Watanabe J, IwasaM Y, Ishihara K (2003) Antifouling blood purification membrane composed of cellulose acetate and phospholipid polymer. Biomaterials 24 4143-4152... 

Liu Q, de Wijn JR, de Groot K, van Blitterswijk CA. Surface modification of nano-apatite by grafting organic polymer. Biomaterials 1998 19 1067-72. 

Class II includes flexible macromolecules. They stay only in the states of liquid and solid, in order to reserve the integrity of chemical bonds. Evaporation of such macromolecules requires so high level of thermal energy that the chemical bonds are actually broken before reaching that level. The molecular flexibility in the liquid mainly comes from the internal rotation of the main-chain C-C bonds. This class includes structural materials of synthetic polymers such as Nylon, PVC, PET, and PC, adhesives such as PVA, epoxy resins and Glue 502, elastomers such as natural rubber, polyurethane, SBS and EPDM (mbber could be regarded as the cross-linked liquid polymers.), biomaterials such as celluloses, starch, silks and wools, and even bio-macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins. The class of flexible macromolecules corresponds to the soft matter defined above. 

Sarazin R, Roy X., Favis B., Controlled preparation and properties of porous poly(image-lactide) obtained from a co-continuous blend of two biodegradable polymers. Biomaterials, 25, 2004, 5965-5978. 

Keywords Controlled drug release Shape-memory polymer Multifunctional material Biodegradable polymer Biomaterial... 

SECM has been widely appKed to numerous fields involving electrochemistry, such as electrode surfaces, polymers, biomaterials, and liquid-liquid interfaces [3-12]. The probe current reflects the electrochemical processes occurring in the small space surrounded by the probe and the substrate. The electron transfer at the probe and substrate (if conductive) and mass transfer across the solution affect the probe current. The probe current is also influenced if chemical reactions... 

We used two different materials for the coating of polymer biomaterials Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and isotropic carbon. Polyacrylo-... 

Despite this, CNT—polymer composites have demonstrated increased stiffness of nearly 700% [60] as well as strength and toughness increase of 1200% [61]. Further improvements in CNT-biopolymer engineering may lead to build CNT-polymer biomaterials with mechanical properties that mimic native properties (Fig. 13.18) of failed tissue to replace (noncomposite polymers typically have toughness one-tenth that of biologically created materials). 

Allcock, H.R., Pucher, S.R., Fitzpatrick, R.J. and Rashid, K. (1992) Antibacterial acthity and mutagenicity studies of water-soluble phosphazene high polymers. Biomaterials, 13(12), 857-862. 

Ratner, B.D., Leach-Scampavia, D. andCastner, D.G. (1993) ESCA surface characterisation of four lUPAC reference polymers. Biomaterials, 14, 148-152. 

---