Polymer for biomaterials

One of the widely used categories of polymers for biomaterials design is that of homo-or copolymers, which could generate hydrogels. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks that could swell in water without dissolution and that, due to their high water content and rubbery nature, are very similar to natural tissues and could be considered... 

SALI is a reladvely new surface technique that delivers a quantitative and sensitive measure of the chemical composition of solid surfaces. Its major advantage, compared to its parent technique SIMS, is that quantitative elemental and molecular informadon can be obtained. SPI offers exciting possibilities for the analytical characterization of the surfaces of polymers and biomaterials in which chemical differ-endation could be based solely on the characteristic SALE spectra. 

Ikada Y. Surface modification of polymers for medical application. Biomaterials, 1994, 15, 725-736. James SJ, Pogribna M, Miller BJ, Bolon B, and Muskhelishvili L. Characterization of cellular response to silicone implants in rats Implications for foreign-body carcinogenesis. Biomaterials, 1997, 18, 667-675. 

Kim, S. W., Temperature Sensitive Polymers for Delivery of Macromolecular Drugs, in Advanced Biomaterials in Biomedical Engineering and Drug Delivery Systems (N. Ogata, et al., Eds.), pp. 125-133. Springer, Tokyo (1996). 

Feijen, J., Biodegradable polymers for medical purposes, in Polymeric Biomaterials, E. Piskin and A. S. Hoffman, eds., NATO ASI Series, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, 1986, p. 62. 

The great value of the unique characteristics of fluorinated polymers in the development of modern industries has ensured an increasing technological interest since the discovery of the first fluoropolymer, poly(chlorotrifluoro-ethylene) in 1934. Hence, their fields of applications are numerous paints and coatings [10] (for metals [11], wood and leather [12], stone and optical fibers [13, 14]), textile finishings [15], novel elastomers [5, 6, 8], high performance resins, membranes [16, 17], functional materials (for photoresists and optical fibers), biomaterials [18], and thermostable polymers for aerospace. 

Polymer-based photochromic systems have been studied extensively and are attractive in terms of practical applications because of their advantages of stability and processability. A number of reviews and articles dealing with various aspects of photochromic polymers and photoactive biomaterials have been published. 68 Chiral photochromic peptides are discussed in Chapter 13, and photochromic liquid crystals and polymers for holographic data storage and nonlinear optics have been reviewed. 69 Specific stereochemical effects in chiral photoresponsive polymers include ... 

Current address Research Center for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-Fu 611, Japan. 

Ikada, Y. 1994. Surface modification of polymers for medical applications. Biomaterials, 15 725-36. 

The high hydrophobicity of silicones can complicate their use in some applications. For example, proteins can undergo denaturation in contact with silicones [1]. In such cases, the siloxane can be modified to include a hydrophilic domain. This is typically accomplished by functionalizing the silicone with a hydrophilic polymer such as poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO). Silicone surfactants of this type have found widespread use as stabilizers for polyurethane foams, and have been investigated as a structurant to prepare siloxane elastomers for biomaterials... 

The three unique and important features of type A LCVD nanofilm—imperturbable surface (Chapter 29), nanoscale molecular sieve (Chapter 34), and new surface state of material (Chapter 24) make LCVD coating an ideal tool in preparation of biomaterials. It should be reiterated that these three features of LCVD films are limited to type A plasma polymers described in Chapter 8, and type B plasma polymers should be excluded in LCVD coatings for biomaterials based on the concept of imperturbable surface. The particularly important aspect is that the LCVD nanofilm becomes the new surface state of the substrate material, i.e., it is not just a coating placed on the surface. The first and second features describe the nature of the new surface state. 

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