Blood purification

Blut mehl, n. blood meal, mittel, n. (Med.) blood tonic. plflttchen, n. blood plate, blood platelet. reinigung, /. blood purification, blutrot, a. blood red. 

Water soluble protein with a relative molecular mass of ca. 32600, which particularly contains copper and zinc bound like chelate (ca. 4 gram atoms) and has superoxide-dismutase-activity. It is isolated from bovine liver or from hemolyzed, plasma free erythrocytes obtained from bovine blood. Purification by manyfold fractionated precipitation and solvolyse methods and definitive separation of the residual foreign proteins by denaturizing heating of the orgotein concentrate in buffer solution to ca. 65-70 C and gel filtration and/or dialysis. 

In Section 24.3, use of electrosorption for effluent purification was mentioned. The same principle of an electrochemically controlled hemosorption (sorptive blood purification) is used in modem toxicology to extract toxins from blood. By appropriate potential control of the carbon sorbent, particular toxins can be removed selectively without traumatizing the blood, that is, without removing essential blood components such as the thrombocytes. 

Haemodialysis equipment parts, membranes for artificial kidneys, blood purification. .. 

Bacycr, H. V., R. Schnabel, W. Vaulont and P. Kaczmarczyk. 1980. Properties of porous glass membranes with respect to applications in blood purification. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 26 309-13. 

Activated carbons are widely used for treatment of acute and chronic poisoning as oral adsorbents and for blood purification. However, medical carbons currently available are predominantly microporous and their use is therefore limited to... 

Actual aspects of extracorporeal blood purification (2008) Materials of the 6th International Conference. Moscow, Russia, p 93... 

The immune system of patients with postoperative multiple organ failure is compromised, which is confirmed by the decrease of immunocompetent cells but not immunoglobulins IgA and IgM. Nonspecific immunity of these patients is also depressed. However, after extracorporeal blood purification had been performed, immune system stimulation was observed, which was higher than hemosorption specific indicators of cellular and humoral immunity. 

The described modified extracorporeal hemoperfusion promotes stimulation of cellular and humoral immunity and mobilization of protective systems of an organism. Therefore the HS through the modified sorbent is more effective and has an effect on the main parameters of the hemostasis system when compared with conventional techniques. This procedure of blood purification also acts as a replacement for the functions of a failed organ of the patient. 

Paul LC. 1995. Immunobiology of chronic renal transplant rejection. Blood Purif. 13 206-218. 

Ugelstad, J., Stenstad, P., Kilaas, L., Prestvik, W. S., Herje, R., Berge, A., et al. (1993) Monodisperse magnetic polymer particles. New biochemical and biomedical applications. Blood Purif. 11, 34. 

Umeda M, Tsurusaki K, Kamikawa S, et al. 1990. Red blood cell aluminum in patients with renal failure and effect of desferrioxamine infusion. Blood Purif 8 295-300. 

A major physiological function of the kidney is to remove toxic metabolic wastes and excess fluids from the blood stream. This function may be impaired through chronic degeneration or as a result of injury. Hemodialysis is the most commonly prescribed means of blood purification for end-stage renal disease. The worldwide dialysis patient population approached 1 million at the end of the 20th century. 

Kushi, H., Miki, T., Nakahara, J., Okamoto, K., Saito, T., Tanjoh, K. Hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column reduces the blood level of neutrophil elastase. Blood Purif 24 (2006c) 212-217. 

Nemoto, H., Nakamoto, H., Okada, H., Sugahara, S., Moriwaki, K., Arai, M., Kanno, Y., Suzuki, H. Newly developed immobilized polymyxin B fibers improve the survival of patients with sepsis. Blood Purif 19 (2001) 361-368 discussion 368-369. 

Keywords Absorptive capacity sorption efficiency erythrocyte toxicity test (osmotic) heme protein restored-iron iron-silica iron-carbon surface modification blood detoxification barbiturates bilirubin blood purification. 

Magnetic carriers (MC) can be used in biochemistry and biotechnology for cell separation, immobilization of enzymes and other biologically active compounds [1,2]. The use of MC is particularly important for extracorporeal blood purification [3 - 5],... 

The first cell localization study, involving mononuclear cells, was carried out as a complement to the anti-viral photodynamic work. Here, the basic motivation for the study derived from the realization that HIV-1 replicates in human T-4 lymphocytes and that, as such, selective light-derived inactivation of such cells would be of benefit in possible photodynamic blood purification processes (see Sect. 12). Texaphyrin proved to be quite effective in the photodestruction of mononuclear cells. In fact it was found that the cadmium texaphyrin complex 116 is as effective on a per mole basis as the dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) and slightly more so on a per photon basis. 

Yokoyama, K., Ogura, Y., Kishimoto, M., Hinoshita, F., Hara, S., Yamada, A., Mimura, N., Seki, A., Sakai, O. (1995). Blood purification for severe sarin poisoning after the Tokyo subway attack. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 274 379. 

Falkenhagen, D., Strobl, W., Vogt, G., Schrefl, A., Linsberger, L, Gerner, F.J., Schoenhofen, M. Fractionated plasma separation and adsorption system a novel system for blood purification to remove albumin bound substances. Artif Organs 1999 23 81-86... 

P. Stenkinvel, Inflammatory and Atherosclerotic Interactions in the Depleted Uremic Patient, Blood Purification 19 (2001) 53-61. 

Sodemann K, Polaschegg HD, Feldmer B. Two years experience with Dialock and CLS (a new antimicrobial lock solution). Blood Purif 2001 19(2) 251. ... 

Slatopolsky E, Brown AJ. Vitamin D analogues for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism Blood Purif... 

Data and clinical experience with hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration for blood purification are limited. This modality has been used to remove large molecule antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and vancomycin [30]. Extended treatments may be of benefit in the removal of drugs with tight tissue binding, large volumes of distribution, and slow equilibration with the plasma such as procainamide [31]. However, there is a report of the failure of continuous hemofiltration to clear the antiarrhythmic drug flecainide [32]. 

Extracorporeal blood purification therapies do not efficiently remove heavy metals or their salts. Chelating agents can be combined with dialysis modalities and hemoperfusion to improve the clearance of aluminum, iron, and other metals. 

There is limited evidence to recommend combined chelation and blood purification therapy for other heavy metal poisonings, such as copper, mercury, arsenic, and thalhum. There are case reports, however, outlining several such attempts. Treatment of cupric sulfate ingestion by dimercaprol and penicillamine chelation followed by hemoperfusion and hemodia-filtration has been reported [57]. An interesting case of inorganic mercury poisoning treated with DMPS chelation and continuous venous-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) was also reported [58]. It should be noted that treatment continued for 14 days with a hmited total removal of mercury (<13% of the ingested dose) in... 

Takeda T, Yukioka T, Shimazaki S. Cupric sulfate intoxication with rhabdomyolysis, treated with chelating agents and blood purification./nfem Med. 2000 39 253-255... 

Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Valeriananceae Jatamansi Roots The root used for blood purification, stomach disorder, cardiac problems and jaundice. Local people use root as incense. 

---