Polymer Engineering process

The acid cracking catalysts produce carbonium ions by the addition of protons to polyolefin chains or by abstraction of hydride ions from hydrocarbon molecules. This is followed by chain scission, which yields C30-C50 oligomeric hydrocarbons. Secondary cracking by P-scission of the C30-C50 hydrocarbons yields liquid (C10-C25) hydrocarbon fuel. Specific advantages of the Polymer-Engineering Process include ... 

The Polymer-Engineering process is very similar to the Thermofuel system design, except that the main chamber contains a heavy thermal oil with a high boiling point. The waste plastic is continuously added as flake and it quickly melts in the thermal oil and pyrolyzes. The heavy oil is held at 390°C and the plastics quickly pyrolyze since it is an excellent heat transfer medium. 

Abstract In the introduction to this book, and to this chapter in particular, the polymer engineering process is presented from a holistic point of view, i.e., with aU of its material sources and ramifications. In the sections that follow, this point of view will be demonstrated on the basis of a number of examples of structural component development from the recent past some of these projects extend into the future as well. Following an introductory text, each example of component development will be supplemented by a qualitative evaluation table with explanations as required. These tables are also qualitative checklists for avoiding future errors based on the example of the specific application considered in each case. 

In the introduction to this book, and to this chapter in particular, the polymer engineering process is presented from the point of view of holistic considerations, i.e., with all of its sources and ramifications. In the sections that follow, this point of... 

Seymour, R. B. and C. E. Carraher, 1988, Polymer Chemistry, Marcel Dekker. Covers the chemical aspects of polymer synthesis, stmcture and properties, but does not include polymer engineering (processing). 

Vol. 1 Polymer Engineering Vol. 2 Filtration Post-Treatment Processes Vol. 3 Multicomponent Diffusion Vol. 4 Transport in Porous Catalysts... 

Non-Newtonian flow processes play a key role in many types of polymer engineering operations. Hence, formulation of mathematical models for these processes can be based on the equations of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics. The general equations of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics provide expressions in terms of velocity, pressure, stress, rate of strain and temperature in a flow domain. These equations are derived on the basis of physical laws and... 

Durihg recent years a considerable amount of re-.search has been undertaken to understand what in the makeup of a polymer affects the processability. In the late 1980s, the Rubber Manufacturers Association in the United States undertook a research project with the Department of Polymer Engineering at the University of Akron to evaluate the laboratory equipment available using specially made butadiene-acrylonitrile polymers with different acrylonitrile levels, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions. The results from the study confirmed that, from the processing variables viewpoint, the major factors are frequency (shear rate), temperature (temperature), and deformation (strain). 

Although the papers represent the whole range of kinds of polymers and processes, there are common themes which reveal the dominant concerns of polymerization reactor engineers. Fully half the papers are concerned rather closely with devising and testing mathematical models which enable process variables to be predicted and controlled very precisely. Such models are increasingly demanded for optimization and com-... 

NMR microscopy has become a well-established method in many different areas of research. The scope of the disciplines involved is extremely broad and is still expanding, encompassing chemical, petrochemical, biological and medical research, plant physiology, aerospace engineering, process engineering, industrial food processing, materials and polymer sciences. 

In solution polymerization, monomers mix and react while dissolved in a suitable solvent or a liquid monomer under high pressure (as in the case of the manufacture of polypropylene). The solvent dilutes the monomers which helps control the polymerization rate through concentration effects. The solvent also acts as a heat sink and heat transfer agent which helps cool the locale in which polymerization occurs. A drawback to solution processes is that the solvent can sometimes be incorporated into the growing chain if it participates in a chain transfer reaction. Polymer engineers optimize the solvent to avoid this effect. An example of a polymer made via solution polymerization is poly(tetrafluoroethylene), which is better knoivn by its trade name Teflon . This commonly used commercial polymer utilizes water as the solvent during the polymerization process,... 

Polymer Engineering and Science 43,No.l, Jan.2003,p.40-54 IMPORTANCE OF TIMELY POLYMER SINTERING WHILE PROCESSING POLYPROPYLENE FOAMS IN ROTATIONAL MOLDING... 

Polymer Engineering and Science 40, No.8, Aug.2000, p.1843-9 ON-LINE NIR SENSING OF C02 CONCENTRATION FOR POLYMER EXTRUSION FOAMING PROCESSES Nagata T Tanigaki M Ohshima M Kyoto.University... 

While considerable progress has been made in the area of small molecule informatics over the past several decades, any effort in the field of polymers has been timid at best and there is considerable scope for development. The main reason for the virtual non-existence of polymer informatics is the complex nature of polymers. This review will therefore start with an examination of the particular informatics challenges posed by polymers, in particular in the area of polymer representation and will also discuss some of the peculiarities of polymer information ( the science of information ). It will look at information systems for polymers ( engineering of information systems ) and a final section will review attempts to develop structure-property relationships for polymers ( practice of information processing ). The modeling of polymers either on the molecular - or meso-level - is outside the scope of this review. 

George, E. R., Sullivan, T. M., Park, E. H. (1994). Thermoplastic starch blends with a poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) Processability and physical properties. Polymer Engineering and Science, 34, 17-23. 

R. C. Progelhof and J. L. Throne, Polymer Engineering Principles Properties, Processes andTests for Design, Hanser Publishers, Munich, Germany, 1993, Chapt. 5. 

In May 2002 an International Invited Workshop, attended by leading researchers in polymer processing and polymer engineering science, was convened in order to take stock of the historical evolution of the held of polymer processing, analyze current developments in research, take note of structural changes in the industry, and consider future trends. The underlying rationale, outlined in Appendix A of the final report (2), was... 

Because with the approach just described we attempt to answer questions not only of how a particular machine works but also why a particular design solution is the best among those conceptually available, we hope that besides being useful for students and practicing polymer engineers and scientists, this book can also serve as a tool in the process of creative design. 

Denn, Polymer Melt Processing Foundations in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Duncan and Reimer, Chemical Engineering Design and Analysis An Introduction Fan and Zhu, Principles of Gas-Solid Flows Fox, Computational Models for Turbulent Reacting Flows... 

Essentially, then, no new, large-volume, highly profitable fibers have been developed since the mid-1950s. Instead, the existing ones have become commodities with all the economic impact thereby implied. No major chemical engineering processes have been added, although the previously described ones have been modified to allow for spinning of liquid crystalline polymers or the formation of gel spun fibers. Research activity has been reduced and centered essentially on modifications of fiber size, shape, and properties, and many variants now are successfully marketed. Production volumes have increased enormously for nylon, polyester, and polyolefin. 

Polymer-Engineering A catalytic process for making diesel fuel from waste plastics. Developed by C. Koch at Alphakat GMBH, Germany, and now offered by Polymer-Engineering, Germany. A zeolite catalyst is used, and the product is called NanoFuel Diesel. Plants have been built in Germany, Mexico, Japan, and South Korea. 

The field of polymer processing is large in its own right and just parts of the subject have books devoted to them. Here our goal is to simply give you an overview of the subject. Our opinion is that even a hard-core polymer chemist or physicist should know what an extruder is and how it operates. You never know, one day you may have to talk to a polymer engineer ... 

Turner, S. R. Arcus, R. A. Houle, C. G. Schleigh, W. R. Photopolymers Principles, Processes, and Materials SPE Reg. Tech. Conf. Proc. 35, Ellenville, New York, October, 1985 Polymer Engineering and Science, 1986, in press. 

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