Enable processes

Enable processes might be the most important of the SCOR processes. Many supply chain failures can be traced to the absence of one or more of these processes. Enable processes are the backbone of any supply chain because they cross all company functions involved in SOURCE, MAKE, and DELIVER. Without an adequate backbone, supply chain performance can go only so far. 

Enable processes address resources that can be shared among multiple supply chain spheres. Examples are various types of facilities, the transportation network, distribution centers, contracted service providers, metrics, information systems, and preferred suppliers. 

Our recommendation is that planners create an Enable sphere, an idea introduced in Section 9.3. This sphere would include activities supporting product-producing spheres, the domain of SOURCE, MAKE, DELIVER, and RETURN. In short, if multiple spheres rely on common business rules, systems, and other supply chain components, they should be included in the Enable sphere. Here we describe and comment on each Enable process. 

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Although the papers represent the whole range of kinds of polymers and processes, there are common themes which reveal the dominant concerns of polymerization reactor engineers. Fully half the papers are concerned rather closely with devising and testing mathematical models which enable process variables to be predicted and controlled very precisely. Such models are increasingly demanded for optimization and com-... 

The first chapter in this section provides a unique account of the ecology, i.e. distribution, survival and life-style, of microorganisms in the factory environment, and should enable process designers, controllers and quality control personnel to comprehend, trace and eradicate the sources of failure due to extraneous microbial contaminants in the finished product. Much of the information given here is applicable to hospital manufacture also, and this is extended in a contribution (Chapter 19) dealing with contamination in hospital pharmaceutical products and in the home. 

A catalyst offers an alternative, energetically favorable mechanism to the non-catalytic reaction, thus enabling processes to be carried out under industrially feasible conditions of pressure and temperature. 

Wehle, D. (2005) Micro-Process Technology Dynamically Enables Process Intensification. Chemical and Industrial Digest, 18( 12), 51-55. 

Micelle formation in standard organic solvents such as toluene or THF is very useful, since fluorinated polymers are usually not soluble in standard solvents micelle formation therefore enables processing of fluorinated products with classical technologies, e.g., for coating applications. 

Cost reductions usually arise out of improvements to the process control for both continuous and batch processes. Process analyzers enable chemical composition to be monitored essentially in real time. This in turn allows control of the process to be improved by shortening start-up and transition times (for continuous processes) or batch cycle times (for batch processes). This is accomplished by improving the ability to respond to process disturbances, by enabling process oscillations to be detected and corrected, and by reducing product variability. Real-time monitoring of chemical composition in a process allows a manufacturing plant to ... 

PAT Tools There are many tools available that enable process understanding. These tools, when used within a system, can provide effective and efficient means for acquiring information to facilitate process understanding, continuous improvement, and development of risk mitigation strategies. Such tools are categorized as follows ... 

The vessel size and Internals need to be properly designed to enable process performance guarantees to be met under the specified notion conditions. Due to the complexity of motions and Internals there 1s no effective analytical approach and consequently proper design relies heavily on empirical methods. This requires either costly trial and error work on the actual marine vessel or motion simulation. 

The loop schedule and instrument data sheets [9] are key documents that enable process data to be recorded in a manner that brings together the computer system and the process to be controlled and monitored. 

The issues to be solved for direct fluorinations are heat release and mass transfer via the gas-liquid interface. Multiphase microstructured reactors enable process intensification [230,248-250,304—306]. Often geometrically well-defined interfaces are formed with large specific values, for example, up to 20 000 m2/m3 and even more. These areas can be easily accessible, as flow conditions are often highly periodic and transparent microreactors are available. For the nondispersing... 

This stabilization of the radical intermediates, arising from a better mesomeric stabilization of radicals in the phthalimide moiety, consequently increase the exoenergicity of reactions and, according to the Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle, lowers the activation barrier and thus enables processes that are unknown from ketones. The unique photochemical reactivity of phthalimides will be demonstrated with some examples. 

After purification the DMT group from the oligonucleotide is removed by acid treatment, such as, acetic acid or some other milder acid in aqueous solution. After final detritylation, the salts if excessive are removed via precipitation, and then the product is lyophilized. Several process improvements have been tried and implemented to enable processing at the kilogram scale in our GMP facilities.1,47... 

Some additives clearly serve an important function. Preservatives help to prevent food from spoiling and enable processed food to be stored for much longer. They reduce the likelihood of bacterial contamination in the food we eat. Sodium nitrite is added to cured meat, for example, to prevent the growth of organisms like Clostridium botulinum, which causes severe toxicity, botulism (see pp. 249-51). Preservatives also reduce chemical degradation and so allow food to have a longer shelf life. Other additives may also have a beneficial function, for example artificial sweeteners reduce the sugar intake of people who suffer from diabetes or obesity. 

The ultrafiltration process is operated in a batch mode at a temperature of about 50 C. Ceramic membranes with 0.1 or 0.2 pm pore diameter enable processing of this highly viscous and concentrated raw or pasteurized whole milk due to their inherent mechanical strength. The viscosity of the concentrate has been found to increase exponentially with the rise of protein content in the precheese. Polymeric membranes have also been considered not suitable for this process in view of their structural compaction under pressure and their difficulty of cleaning. 

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