POLYCHLORINATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC

Hydrocarbons. In other publications the historical trend of organic pollutant concentrations, namely polychlorinated biphenys (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides DDT and metabolites DDE, DDD, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been reconstructed. For this purpose the sediments of the core sampled in the Lagoon area close to the industrial district were employed (16,17). 

Toxic compounds polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, dioxins, veterinary drug residues, hormone residues, aflatoxins, toxic compounds in shellfish. Compoimds of nutritional significance in foods vitamins, fat, lipids, carbohydrates, protein, energy-calorific value, proximates, dietary fibre, ash. Other compounds hormones in blood serum... 

CRMs for Contaminants in Environmental Matrices For nearly two decades NIST has been involved in the development of SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides in natural environmental matrices such as fossil fuels (Hertz et al.1980 Kline et al. 1985), air and diesel particulate material (May and Wise 1984 Wise et al. 2000), coal tar (Wise et al. 1988a), sediment (Schantz et al. 1990, 1995a Wise et al. 1995), mussel tissue (Wise et al. 1991 Schantz et al. 1997a), fish oil, and whale blubber (Schantz et al. 1995b). Several papers have reviewed and summarized the development of these environmental matrix SRMs (Wise et al. 1988b Wise 1993 Wise and Schantz 1997 Wise et al. 2000). Seventeen natural matrix SRMs for the determination of organic contaminants are currently available from NIST with certified and reference concentrations primarily for PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofiirans (PCDFs) see Table 3.11. 

National Water Research Institute, Canada Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polychlorinated Biphenyls... 

Table 1 Concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CIPAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in ambient air, soil, and human samples collected from e-waste recycling and reference sites in China... 

Mangas E, Vaquero MT, Comllas L, Broto-Puig F (1998) Analysis and fate of aliphatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge-amended soils. Chemosphere 36 61-72... 

Chemicals degraded by WRF include pesticides such as organochlorines DDT and its very toxic metabolite DDE [8, 9] and organophosphate pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, fonofos and terbufos [10] polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of different degrees of chlorine substitution [11-13], some even to mineralization [14, 15] diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liquid media and from contaminated soils or in complex mixtures such as creosote [16-18] components of munition wastes including TNT and its metabolites DNT [19-23], nitroglycerin [24] and RDX [25]. 

Kamlet, M. J., Doherty, R. M., Carr, P. W., Mackay, D., Abraham, M. H., Taft, R. W. (1988) Linear solvation energy relationships. 44. Parameter estimation rules that allow accurate prediction of octanol/water partition coefficients and other solubility and toxicity properties of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 503-509. 

Baker, J.E., Eisenreich, S J. (1990) Concentrations and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls across the air-water interface of Lake Superior. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 342-352. 

Broman, D., Naf, C., Rolff, C., Zebuhr, Y. (1991) Occurrence and dynamics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mixed surface layer of remote coastal and offshore waters of the Baltic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 1850-1864. 

Brubaker, Jr. W.W., Hites, R.A. (1998) OH reaction kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. J. Phys. Chem. A 102, 915-921. 

Hamer, T., Bidleman, T.F. (1998) Measurement of octanol-air partition coefficients for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated naphthalenes. J. Chem. Eng. Data 43, 40-46. 

Krauss, M., Wilcke, W. (2001) Predicting soil-water partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls by desorption with methanol-water mixtures at different temperatures. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 2319-2325. 

Ten Hulscher, T.E.M., van der Velde, L.E., Bruggeman, W.A. (1992) Temperature dependence of Henry s law constants for selected chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11, 1595-1603. Ten Hulscher, T.E.M., Vrind, B., Van den Heuvel, H., van Noort, P., Govern, H. (2003) Influence of desorption and contact time on sediment of spiked polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons relationship with in situ distribution. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22, 1208-1211. 

Brunstrom, B., D. Broman, and C. Naf. 1990. Embryotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three domestic avian species, and of PAHs and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the common eider. Environ. Pollut. 67 133-143. 

Solbakken, J.E., K. Ingebrigtsen, and K.H. Palmork. 1984. Comparative study on the fate of the polychlorinated biphenyl 2,4,5,2,4,5,-hexachlorobiphenyl and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene in flounder (Platichthys flesus), determined by liquid scintillation counting and autoradiography. Mar. Biol. 83 239-246. 

Procedure 12.7 is an example of a basic approach that has also been used to clean up polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and N-, P-, and Cl-containing pesticides before further analysis [25],... 

Accelerated solvent extraction is a new technique for the extraction of a range of organic pollutants from soils and related material. The technique is based on the use of a solvent or combination of solvents to extract organic pollutants at elevated pressure and temperature from a solid matrix. The range of organic pollutants for which the technique is proposed includes semivolatile compounds, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [53-56],... 

Following an aviation kerosin spill, hydrocarbons were detected in trout stream sediments and fish up to 14 months after the spill [13]. After a fire at a weed treatment plant in 1970 a large area of mixed forested ecosystem became contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and creosote [66], High polyaromatic concentrations in stream sediments adversely affected micro- and meiobenthic communities at all trophic levels. Stein et al. [67] have studied the uptake by bethnic fish (English sole, Parophrys vetulus) of benzopyrene and polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments. Accumulation of contaminants from sediments was a significant route of uptake by English sole. 

The first scientists to investigate the coastal atmospheric presence of APs were Van Ry and Dachs, in a study conducted in the Hudson river estuary. GC-MS analyses showed that atmospheric NP isomer mixtures have a similar composition to technical mixtures, with relatively high total concentrations in the range of 0.0002—0.069 xg m-3 in the gas phase, and 0.0001-0.051 p,gm-3 in the aerosol phase. These concentrations are higher than those of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and up to two orders of magnitude higher than polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in impacted urban-industrial areas [32]. 

In summary, it would appear that rainbow trout are responsive to cytochrome P -450-type inducers (e.g. planar polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), but are not responsive to cytochrome P-450-type inducers (e.g. phenobar-bital and non-planar polychlorinated biphenyls). Although induced rainbow trout hemoprotein(s) P-450 show high activity with cytochrome P -450 substrates, the induced hemoprotein at 57,000 daltons appears, in electrophoretic and spectral properties, to differ from rodent cytochrome P -450. 

The applicability of using these interdisciplinary approaches, which include incorporation of various physical and chemical properties of the pollutants, QSARs/QSPRs and multicomponent joint action modeling are discussed and evaluated using a group of toxic and carcinogenic pollutants, i. e., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). 

GC-EI-MS permits the direct analysis of mixtures, e.g., to analyze synthetic byproducts an advantage that made GC-EI-MS benchtop instruments become widespread in modem synthetic laboratories. The GC-EI-MS combination is especially successful in monitoring environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofuranes (PCDFs), or other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 

Soils Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB ) Benzo(a)pyrene Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ) ... 

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