English sole

Reichert, W.L., French, B.L, and Stein, J.E. et al. (1991). 32P postlabelling analysis of the persistence of bulky hydrophobic xenobiotic-DNA adducts in the liver of English sole, a marine fish. In Proceedings of the 82nd Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Houston, TXP, 87. 

Malins DC, MM Krahn, MS Myers, LD Rhodes, DW Brown, CA Krone, BB McCain, S-L Chan (1985) Toxic chemicals in sediments and biota from a creosote-polluted harbor relationships with hepatic neoplasms and other hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus). Carcinogenesis 6 1463-1469. 

Malins, D.C. and Haimanot, R. (1990). 4,6,-Diamino-5-formamido-pyrimidine, 8-hydroxyguanine and 8-hydroxyadenine in DNA from neoplastic liver of English sole exposed to carcinogens. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173, 614-619. 

Collier, T.K. and U. Varanasi. 1991. Hepatic activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and biliary levels of xenobiotics in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to environmental contaminants. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20 462-473. 

Varanasi, U., M. Nishimoto, and J. Stover. 1984. Analyses of biliary conjugates and hepatic DNA binding in benzo[a]pyrene-exposed English sole. Pages 1315-1328 in M. Cooke and A.J. Dennis (eds.). Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Mechanisms, Methods and Metabolism. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

Following an aviation kerosin spill, hydrocarbons were detected in trout stream sediments and fish up to 14 months after the spill [13]. After a fire at a weed treatment plant in 1970 a large area of mixed forested ecosystem became contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and creosote [66], High polyaromatic concentrations in stream sediments adversely affected micro- and meiobenthic communities at all trophic levels. Stein et al. [67] have studied the uptake by bethnic fish (English sole, Parophrys vetulus) of benzopyrene and polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments. Accumulation of contaminants from sediments was a significant route of uptake by English sole. 

These conclusions were not applicable when sediment was the source of hydrocarbons. McCain et al. (5) studied the bioavailability of petroleum in sediment to English sole (Parophrys vetu-lus). Sediments rich in alkylated and non-alkylated benzenes and naphthalenes, together with fluorene and phenanthrene, were employed. After 11 days of exposure, samples of skin, muscle, and liver were examined. Fluorene and phenanthrene were not accumulated in the test fish however, significant concentrations of 1-methyl naphthalene, 2-methyl naphthalene, 2,6-dimethyl naphthalene and 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, were found in skin and liver (Table II) 1-methyl naphthalene and 2-methyl naphthalene were the major components of muscle. In each tissue examined, 1-methyl-naphthalene was the major component 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene occurred in relatively low concentrations in skin and muscle in comparison to naphthalenes containing one and two alkyl groups. 

TableJ Petroleum hydrocarbons in the tissues of English sole exposed to oil-contaminated sediment (test, T) and to nonoiled sediment (control, C) for 2 mo continuously.

Crab hepatopancreas English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus)-, liver Rainy River, Ontario 1988 total PCBs Mill effluent, water vs. suspended solids Fish, two species upstream vs. downstream Marine mammals (4 species blubber) vs. terrestrial mammals (human, dog, cat adipose or intestinal fat) Total PCBs Di-ortho planars PCB 128 PCB 138... 

Krahn, M.M., L.D. Rhodes, M.S. Myers L.K. Moore, W.D. MacLeod, Jr., and D.C. Malins. 1986. Associations between metabolites of aromatic compounds in bile and the occurrence of hepatic lesions in English sole Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15 61-67... 

A method similar to K value is the Kj value index that is used for freshness evaluation of fish that accumulate more inosine than hypoxanthine during spoilage (24). The K value is illustrated in Figure 3 (18,19,20,24). K is used with salmon, halibut, yellowtail, and numerous other tropical fish, while K value is reliable for catfish, white flounder, ocean perch, English sole, and various other species (24). The Kj value can be utilized for species specified for K value but not vice versa due to sensitivity of Kj value to the build up of hypoxanthine and not the total sum of degradation products as needed with K value (24). 

Carbazole 9-oxyl 327 has been identified from its ESR spectrum in the livers of English sole with hepatic neoplasms it was also found in healthy fish after they had been injected with carbazole (85MI2) (see also Section III.F). 

Vanarasi, U., Reichert, W.L. and Stein, J.E. (1989) 32P-post-labelling analysis of DNA adducts in liver and wild English sole (Parophrys vetulus) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectus... 

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